Aktivitas antibiofilm ekstrak etanol kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Alya Ghina Rosyada; Christiana Cahyani Prihastuti; Dwi Nur Indah Sari; Setiawati Setiawati; Meylida Ichsyani; Anindita Laksitasari; Restian Febi Andini; Aris Aji Kurniawan

doi:10.24198/jkg.v35i1.42451

Aktivitas antibiofilm ekstrak etanol kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Alya Ghina Rosyada, Christiana Cahyani Prihastuti, Dwi Nur Indah Sari, Setiawati Setiawati, Meylida Ichsyani, Anindita Laksitasari, Restian Febi Andini, Aris Aji Kurniawan

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Permasalahan dental maupun medis banyak disebabkan oleh biofilm bakteri di dalam rongga mulut. Salah satu bakteri penyusun biofilm yaitu Staphylococcus aureus. Bakteri ini merupakan jenis bakteri Gram positif yang bersifat patogen oportunistik dalam rongga mulut serta memiliki mekanisme pembentukan biofilm yang kompleks. Kulit bawang merah mengandung senyawa fitokimia seperti flavonoid, saponin, fenol, tanin, alkaloid, dan steroid yang dilaporkan bersifat antibiofilm sehingga berpotensi sebagai alternatif obat kumur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antibiofilm ekstrak etanol kulit bawang merah (EKBM) konsentrasi 6,25%; 12,5%; 25%; 50%; dan 100% dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm S. aureus. Metode: Penelitian ini meruoakan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris in vitro dengan rancangan penelitian posttest-only control group design.Ekstrak dibuat menggunakan metode maserasi etanol 96% dengan perendaman selama 15 hari. Kontrol positif penelitian ini adalah CHG 0,2% dan kontrol negatif berupa DMSO 1%. Penghambatan pembentukan biofilm diukur menggunakan Microtiter Plate Assay (MPA) dengan panjang gelombang 595 nm. Data hasil pembacaan MPA dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan uji post hoc Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Persentase penghambatan biofilm tertinggi ada pada EKBM 25% (92,86+1,45%) namun hasil ini masih lebih rendah daripada kelompok kontrol positif (94,74+0,56%) secara bermakna (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara persentase penghambatan pembentukan biofilm oleh EKBM 12,5% (92,74+0,98%) dengan EKBM 25% secara statistik. Simpulan: Penghambatan pembentukan biofilm oleh EKBM terhadap biofilm S. aureus yang paling efektif terdapat pada konsentrasi 12,5%.

Kata kunci: Allium cepa L, biofilm, kulit bawang merah, Staphylococcus aureus.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Many dental and medical problems are caused by bacterial biofilms in the oral cavity. One of the bacteria that form the biofilm is Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium is a type of Gram-positive bacteria which is an opportunistic pathogen in the oral cavity and has a complex biofilm formation mechanism. Shallot peel contains phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, and steroids which are reported as antibiofilms so that they have the potential as an alternative mouthwash. This study aims to analyzed the antibiofilm activity of ethanolic extract of shallot peel (EESP) with a concentration of 6.25%; 12.5%; 25%; 50%; and 100% in inhibiting the formation of S. aureus biofilms. Methods: This research was an experimental study. Extracts were prepared using 96% ethanol maceration method by immersion for 15 days. The positive control in this study was CHG 0.2% and the negative control was DMSO 1%. Inhibition of biofilm formation was measured using a Microtiter Plate Assay (MPA) with a wavelength of 595 nm. The data from the MPA readings were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney post hoc test. Results: The highest percentage of biofilm inhibition was in EESP 25% (92.86+1.45%) but this result was significantly lower than the positive control group (94.74+0.56%) (p<0.05). There was no significant difference (p<0.05) between the percentage of inhibition of biofilm formation of EESP 12.5% (92.74+0.98%) and EESP 25% statistically. Conclusion: The most effective inhibition of biofilm formation by EESP against S. aureus biofilms was found at a concentration of 12.5%.

Keywords: Allium cepa L, biofilm, shallot peel, Staphylococcus aureus

Keywords

Allium cepa L, biofilm, kulit bawang merah, Staphylococcus aureus, Allium cepa L, biofilm, kulit bawang merah, Staphylococcus aureus

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