Penukaran Kod dalam Korpus Hansard Malaysia: Analisis Berpandukan Korpus (Code-Switching in The Malaysian Hansard Corpus: A Corpus-Based Approach)

Zakwan Izam, Marlyna Maros, Azhar Jaludin, Imran Ho Abdullah

Abstract


Peraturan 8 dalam Peraturan-Peraturan Majlis Mesyuarat Dewan Rakyat, Parlimen Malaysia berdasarkan perkara 62(1) memperuntukkan bahawa “Bahasa rasmi Majlis ialah Bahasa Malaysia, tetapi Tuan Yang di-Pertua boleh membenarkan penggunaan Bahasa Inggeris”. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa bahasa Melayu ialah bahasa rasmi serta mempunyai status yang sangat tinggi dalam Dewan Rakyat. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat laporan akhbar yang menyatakan bahawa status bahasa Melayu semakin ‘layu’ atau lemah di parlimen dan ahli Dewan Rakyat lebih gemar menggunakan bahasa Inggeris. Ahli-ahli parlimen dikatakan acapkali menggunakan penukaran kod yang melibatkan penggunaan bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Inggeris. Lantaran itu, kajian ini ingin mengenal pasti serta meneliti pola penukaran kod dalam teks parlimen 13, Dewan Rakyat. Kajian ini turut menjelaskan trend penukaran kod yang terdapat dalam perbahasan di parlimen. Data yang digunakan adalah berbentuk penukaran kod yang terdiri daripada bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Inggeris daripada Hansard Malaysia, Parlimen 13 yang mengandungi empat penggal yang terdiri daripada 224 fail mesyuarat. Kaedah analisis berpandukan korpus telah digunakan oleh pengkaji bagi meneliti trend penukaran kod dalam teks parlimen. Kerangka model kekangan morfem bebas oleh Poplack (1980) telah digunakan bagi menentukan serta mengenal pasti penukaran kod yang terdapat dalam teks parlimen. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan dalam penukaran kod daripada bahasa Melayu ke bahasa Inggeris dalam teks parlimen 13. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan peningkatan jumlah penggunaan bahasa Inggeris yang semakin menaik dari penggal 1 hingga penggal 4. Hal ini dengan jelas memperlihatkan bahawa ahli-ahli parlimen dalam Dewan Rakyat banyak menggunakan penukaran kod dalam perbahasan dan secara tidak langsung semakin gemar menggunakan bahasa Inggeris berbanding bahasa Melayu. Perkara ini adalah bercanggah serta memberi kesan kepada status penggunaan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa rasmi Majlis yang termaktub dalam peraturan-perturan Majlis Mesyuarat Dewan Rakyat.

Kata Kunci: Parlimen Malaysia; Bahasa Rasmi; Hansard Malaysia; Penukaran kod; Pendekatan berpandukan korpus

 

ABSTRACT

 

The Malaysian Rules of the House of Representatives Council are the laws pertaining to rules and regulations in the Malaysian Parliament. Regulation 8 of the Rules of the House of Representatives Council (Peraturan-Peraturan Majlis Mesyuarat Dewan Rakyat), the Parliament of Malaysia pursuant to Article 62 (1) provides that "The Official Language of the Council is bahasa Melayu, but the speaker may authorize the use of English”. However, recent report from a newspaper suggested that the status of bahasa Melayu as an official language of the parliament is being neglected as such some parliament members have been reported of using English blatantly during the parliamentary debate. Thus, this study aims to identify the trend of English language usage in Parliament 13 of the House of Representatives. The data used were codeswitching of Malay and English languages in 224 files of the Malaysian Hansard Corpus of Parliament 13. The present paper illustrates the use of the corpus-based approach to determine the frequency of English words used in the Malaysian Hansard Corpus. The results revealed that there is an increase in the usage of English words from the first to the fourth quarters. This finding also proposes that English is gaining more attention among the parliamentary members as a medium to express ideas in the Malaysian parliament which statement contradicts the law stating bahasa Melayu as the official language of the Malaysian parliament. Information gained from this study will help to provide insight on whether the claim that the status of bahasa Melayu as the official language of the Malaysian parliament is true or otherwise.

 

Keywords: Malaysian Parliament; Official language; Malaysian Hansard; Code-switching; Corpus-based approach


Keywords


Malaysian Parliament; Official language; Malaysian Hansard; Code-switching; Corpus-based approach

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2023-2302-12

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