Keanekaragaman Pakan Lebah Madu Apis cerana di Hutan Rakyat Berdasarkan Karakteristik Polen (Diversity of Apis cerana Honey Bee Foraging Plants in Community Forests Based on Pollen Characteristics)

Khozanah Syifa, Noor Farikhah Haneda, Eva Rachmawati

Sari


Abstract

Honeybees are very important pollinating insects because their pollination activity can improve fruit quality and productivity. Pollen is a male gametophyte of a plant with the reproductive function to fertilize the ovule. Honeybees use pollencollected from various plants as a source of food, especially protein. Pollen contains different types of amino acids that honey bees using it to synthesize food. This study aims to investigate the source of pollen from the honeybee colony of Apis cerana collecting food based on pollen characteristics. Pollen samples were taken from the hind limbs of worker bees and honeycomb of Apis cerana honey bee colonies at the apiary of KTH Wana Karya Tani Sejahtera in Buana Sakti Village, Buana Sakti Village, Batanghari District, East Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. Pollen recognition was performed by identifying their characteristics through the pollen aperture, pollen based on the polar and equatorial, ornamentation, and pollen size. The research showed seven plant species were used by honeybees as a food source for pollen. Each species comes from a different family. The type of pollen aperture found varies according to plant species. Types of pollen aperture 1-colpate and pastorate are commonly found in pollen from hind legs. This type of aperture was also found in hive-stored pollen. The dominant types of pollen found in leg and nest pollen came from C. nucifera and A. mangium species.

Key words: Bee, feed source, pollen characteristics


Abstrak

Lebah madu termasuk serangga penyerbuk yang sangat penting, dimana aktivitas penyerbukannya dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan produktifitas buah. Polen merupakan benih jantan tumbuhan yang berfungsi untuk pembuahan. Lebah madu memanfaatkan polen sebagai pakan, khususnya protein. Polen mengandung jenis asam amino yang berbeda bagi lebah berfungsi untuk sintesis makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi polen yang menjadi sumber pakan lebah madu berdasarkan karakteristik dan asal tumbuhannya. Sampel polen diambil dari tungkai dan sarang lebah di apiary Apis cerana di KTH Wana Karya Tani Sejahtera di Desa Buana Sakti, Kelurahan Buana Sakti, Kecamatan Batanghari, Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Provinsi Lampung. Identifikasi polen dilakukan dengan memperhatikan karakter aperture polen, bentuk polen berdasarkan polar dan ekuatorial, ornamentasi eksin serta ukuran polen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat tujuh spesies tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan lebah madu sebagai sumber polen. Masing-masing spesies berasal dari famili yang berbeda. Tipe aperture polen ditemukan berbeda-beda sesuai dengan jenis tanaman. Tipe polen 1-colpate dan pantoporate banyak ditemukan pada polen tungkai. Jenis aperture tersebut juga ditemukan pada polen sarang. Jenis polen yang dominan ditemukan pada polen tungkai dan polen sarang berasal dari spesies C. nucifera dan A. mangium.

Kata kunci: Lebah madu, karakteristik polen, sumber pakan


Kata Kunci


Lebah madu; karakteristik polen; sumber pakan

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Agussalim, A., Agus, A., Umami, N., & Budisatria, I.G.S. (2017). Variation of honey bees forages as source of nektarand pollen based on altitude in Yogyakarta. Buletin Peternakan, 41(4), 448. https://doi.org/10.21059/buletin peternak.v41i4.13593

Atmowidi, T.R.I., Buchori, D., Manuwoto, S., Suryobroto, B., & Hidayat, P. (2007). Diversity of pollinator insects in relation to seed set of mustard (Brassica rapa L.: Cruciferae). HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 14(4), 155-161. https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.14.4.155

Azmi, W.A., Zulqurnain, N.S., & Ghazi, R. (2015). Melissopalynology and foraging activity of stingless bees, Lepidotrigona terminata (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from an apiary in Besut, Terengganu. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 10(1), 27-35.

Badan Pusat Statistika [BPS]. (2018). Kabupaten Metro Kibang Dalam Angka 2018. BPS Lampung Timur.

Cavigliasso, P., Phifer, C.C., Knowlton, J.L., Licata, J.A., Flaspohler, D.J., Webster, C.R., & Chacoff, N.P. (2022). Influence of landscape composition on wild bee communities: effects of functional landscape heterogeneity. Agriculture, Ecosystemsand Environment, 340, 1-10.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108150

Erdtman, G. (1986). Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy. E. J. Brill.

Evans, L.J., Jesson, L., Read, S.F.J., Jochym, M., Cutting, B.T., Gayrard, T., Jammes, M.A.S., Roumier, R., & Howlett, B.G. (2021). Key factors influencing forager distribution across macadamia orchards differ among species of managed bees. Basic and Applied Ecology, 53, 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2021.03.001

Hepburn, H.R., & Radloff, S.E. (2011). Honey bees of Asia. Honey bees of Asia, 1–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16422-4

Heslop-Harrison, J. (1979). Pollen walls as adaptive systems. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 66(4), 813-829. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398920

Hesse, M. (2000). Pollen wall stratification and pollination. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 222(1-4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984093

Hidayati, N., Widodo, S., Suedy, A., & Darmanti, S. (2020). Identifikasi keanekaragaman polen tanaman sumber pakan lebah pada madu lokal dari lima desa di Kabupaten Boyolali. Majalah Ilmiah Biologi Biosfera : A Scientific Journal, 37(1), 36-42. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.mib.2020.37.1.1073

Horner, H.T., & Pearson, C.B. (1978). Pollen wall and aperture development in Helianthus annuus (Compositae: Heliantheae). American Journal of Botany, 65(3), 293-309. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1978.tb06071.x

Huang, T. (1972). Pollen floral of Taiwan. Departemant of Botany National Taiwan University.

Huang, Z. (2012). Pollen nutrition affects honey bee stress resistance. Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews, 5(2), 175-189. https://doi.org/10.1163/187498312x639568

Jasmi. (2013). Tumbuhan yang dikunjungi lebah pekerja Apis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) di Sumatera Barat. In Sainstek 5(1), 38-45).

Kamaria, N, Markum, & Dipokusumo, B. (2015). Studi komparatif pendapatan peternak lebah madu Apis cerana dan Trigona sp. di Kecamatan Gangga Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Program Studi Kehutanan Universitas Mataram. http://eprints.unram.ac.id/id/eprint/6417

Leuschner, R.M. (1993). Pollen. Experientia, 49(11), 931-942. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02125639

Louveaux, J., Maurizio, A., & Vorwohl, G. (1978). Methods of melissopalynology. Bee World, 59(4), 139-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.1978.11097714

Mulyono, O., Susdiyanti, T., Supriono, B., Mulyono, T., Susdiyanti, & Bambang, S. (2015). Kajian ketersediaan pakan lebah madu lokal (Apis cerana Fabr.). Jurnal Nusa Sylva, 15(2), 18-26.

Pratama, I.P.N.E., Watiniasih, N.L., & Ginantra, I.K. (2018). the Effect of different altitude to the pollen types that Trigona collected. Jurnal Biologi Udayana, 22(1), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2018.v22.i01.p06

Priambudi, A., Raffiudin, R., & Djuita., N.R. (2021). Identifikasi tumbuhan sumber polen pada madu lebah Heterotrigona itama dan Tetragonula laeviceps di Belitung. Jurnal Sumberdaya HAYATI, 7(1), 25-35.

Pribadi, A. (2021). Perbandingan uji budi daya lebah jenis Heterotrigona itama pada 4mpat tipe vegetasi. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 18(Agustus), 93-108.

Roulston, T.H., Cane, J.H., & Buchmann, S.L. (2000). What governs protein content of pollen: Pollinator preferences, pollen-pistil interactions, or phylogeny? EcologicalMonographs,70(4),617–643.https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2000)070[0617:WGPCOP]2.0.CO;2

Ruschioni, S., Riolo, P., Minuz, R.L., Stefano, M., Cannella, M., Porrini, C., & Isidoro, N. (2013). Biomonitoring with honey bees of heavy metals and pesticides in nature reserves of the Marche region (Italy). Biological Trace Element Research, 154(2), 226-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9732-6

Syaifuddin, S., Fauzi, H., & Satriadi, T. (2021). Produksi madu kelulut (trigona itama) pada dua tipe pola agroforestri pakan lebah yang berbeda (studi di Desa Mangkauk dan Kelurahan Landasan Ulin Utara. Jurnal Sylva Scienteae, 4(5), 767-777. https://doi.org/10.20527/jss.v4i5.4198

Toni, C.H., Djossa, B.A., Yédomonhan, H., Zannou, E.T., & Mensah, G.A. (2018). Western honey bee management for crop pollination. African Crop Science Journal 26(1), 1-17. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v26i1.1.

Twerski, A., Albrecht, H., Fründ, J., Moosner, M., & Fischer, C. (2022). Effects of rare arable plants on flower-visiting wild bees in agricultural fields. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 323(6), 1-9 107685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107685

Wahyuningsih, E., Syaputra, M., & Suparyana, P.K. (2022). Identifikasi diversitas sumber pakan lebah berbasi lahan perkarangan pada meliponikultur di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 19(1), 29-45.

Widiarti, A., & Kuntadi. (2012). Budidaya lebah madu Apis mellifera L. oleh masyarakat pedesaan Kabupaten Pati, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam, 9(4), 351-361.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpht.2023.20.1.51-62

##submission.copyrightStatement##

JURNAL PENELITIAN HUTAN TANAMAN INDEXED BY:

More...

Copyright of Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman (JPHT)

eISSN : 2442-8930 pISSN : 1829-6327

JPHT is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.