The association between premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm gestational age with neonatal sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Keywords:
neonatal sepsis; infection; premature rupture of membranes; PROM; gestational age; preterm
Abstract
Background Sepsis is one of the main causes of neonatal mortality. The morbidity and mortality rates due to neonatal sepsis are as high as 9-20%. Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm gestational age are among the risk factors of neonatal sepsis.
Objective To evaluate for potential associations between PROM as well as preterm gestational age to neonatal sepsis by meta-analysis and systematic review.
Methods A meta-analysis and systematic review were performed using literature sourced from PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar according to PRISMA guidelines. We calculated the incidence of sepsis in neonates with and without PROM and premature gestational age. Journal quality was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) criteria.
Results From the literature search for PROM, 21 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. Neonatal sepsis was more common in neonates who had a maternal history of PROM than in those without [OR 2.69 (95%CI 1.56 to 4.65); P<0.00001]. From the literature search for gestational age, we found 17 case-control studies that met the inclusion criteria. Neonatal sepsis was more common in preterm than term neonates [OR 2.55 (95%CI 1.61 to 4.04); P<0.00001].
Conclusion Neonates with a maternal history of PROM and/or preterm gestational age are at high risk of developing neonatal sepsis.
References
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37. Perera KSY, Weerasekera M, Weerasinghe UDTM. Risk factors for early neonatal sepsis in the term baby. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health. 2018;47:44–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v47i1.8429.
38. Masanja PP, Kibusi SM, Mkhoi ML. ‘Predictors of early onset neonatal sepsis among neonates in dodoma, Tanzania: A case control study’. J Trop Pediatr. 2020;66:257–266. DOI: 10.1093/TROPEJ/FMZ062.
39. Mishra S, Jaiswar S, Saad S, Tripathi S, Singh N, Deo S, et al. Platelet indices as a predictive marker in neonatal sepsis and respiratory distress in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. International Journal of Hematology. 2021;113:199–206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-020-03025-2.
2. UNICEF. Neonatal mortality. United Nations Childrens’ Fund. 2020; [cited 2021 April 14]. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/neonatal-mortality/.
3. UNICEF. Every child alive: the urgent need to end newborn deaths. United Nations Childrens’ Fund. 2018; [cited 2021 April 14]. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/resources/every-child-alive-urgent-need-end-newborn-deaths/.
4. Zea-Vera A, Ochoa TJ. Challenges in the diagnosis and management of neonatal sepsis. J Trop Pediatr. 2015;61:1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmu079.
5. Popescu CR, Cavanagh MMM, Tembo B, Chiume M, Lufesi N, Goldfarb DM, et al. Neonatal sepsis in low-income countries: epidemiology, diagnosis and prevention. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020;18:443–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2020.1732818.
6. Carbone F, Montecucco F, Sahebkar A. Current and emerging treatments for neonatal sepsis. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2020;21:549–556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2020.1721464.
7. Adatara P, Salia SM, Afaya RA, Konlan KD, Agyabeng-Fandoh E, Agbinku E, et al. Risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis: a case study at a specialist hospital in Ghana. Scientific World Journal. 2019;2019:0–2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9369051.
8. Pek JH, Yap BJ, Gan MY, Seethor STT, Greenberg R, Hornik CPV, et al. Neurocognitive impairment after neonatal sepsis: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2020;10(6):1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038816.
9. Ocviyanti D, Wahono WT. Risk factors for neonatal sepsis in pregnant women with premature rupture of the membrane. Hindawi Journal of Pregnancy. 2018;1:1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4823404.
10. Yuliana F, Mahpolah M, Nopariyanti E. Faktor risiko ibu dalam meningkatkan kejadian sepsis neonatorum di RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin. Proceeding Of Sari Mulia University Midwifery National Seminars. 2019;1:73–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33859/psmumns.v0i1.26.
11. Bakhuizen SE, De Haan TR, Teune MJ, Van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, Van Der Heyden JL, Van Der Ham DP, et al. Meta-analysis shows that infants who have suffered neonatal sepsis face an increased risk of mortality and severe complications. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. 2014;103:1211–1218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.12764.
12. Pek JH, Gan MY, Yap BJ, Seethor STT, Greenberg RG, Hornik CPV, et al. Contemporary trends in global mortality of sepsis among young infants less than 90 days old: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2020;10:1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038815.
13. Edmond K, Zaidi A. New approaches to preventing, diagnosing, and treating neonatal sepsis. PLoS Medicine. 2010;7:1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000213.
14. PRISMA Flow Diagram. Available from: http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/FlowDiagram.
15. EMA Report on the Expert Meeting on Neonatal and Paediatric Sepsis. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/report-expert-meeting-neonatal-paediatric-sepsis_en.pdf.
16. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Available from: https://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp.
17. Bauer ME, Housey M, Bauer ST, Behrmann S, Chau A, Clancy C, et al. Risk Factors, Etiologies, and Screening Tools for Sepsis in Pregnant Women: A Multicenter Case-Control Study. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2019:129:1613–1620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000003709.
18. Braye K, Foureur M, De Waal K, Jones M, Putt E, Ferguson J. Epidemiology of neonatal early-onset sepsis in a geographically diverse Australian health district 2006-2016. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214298.
19. Naseh A, Taslimi-Taleghani N. Risk factors associated with serious bacterial infections among newborns with high body temperature. J Prev Med Hyg. 2021; 61: E556–E562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.4.1461.
20. Nikpay S, Yadegarazadi A, Mohamadi J, Soleymani A, Badfar G. Epidemiologic indicators of neonatal sepsis in teaching hospitals of Ilam, Western Iran during (2012-2017). International Journal of Pediatrics. 2018;6:7947–7958. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2018.28585.2490.
21. Olita’A D, Barnabas R, Vali BG, Pameh W, Vince J, Duke T. ‘Simplified management protocol for term neonates after prolonged rupture of membranes in a setting with high rates of neonatal sepsis and mortality: A quality improvement study’. Arch Dis Child. 2019;104:115–120. DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-315826.
22. Palatnik A, Liu LY, Lee A, Yee LM. Predictors of early-onset neonatal sepsis or death among newborns born at <32 weeks of gestation. Journal of Perinatology. 2019;39:949–955. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-019-0395-9.
23. Sharma D, Kumar C, Pandita A, Pratap OT, Dasi T, Murki S. ‘Bacteriological profile and clinical predictors of ESBL neonatal sepsis’, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2016;29:570, Feb. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2015.1011118.
24. Yadav NS, Yadav PK, Kasarla RR, Parajuli P. Incidence and risk factors associated with blood culture proven neonatal sepsis. Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences. 2021;9:28–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v9i01.37963
25. Dundar B, Dincgez CB, Ozgen G, Tasgoz FN, Guclu T, Ocakoglu G. Platelet indices in preterm premature rupture of membranes and their relation with adverse neonatal outcomes. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2018;44:67–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.13484.
26. Ozel A, Alici DE, Yurtkal A, Madazli R. How do platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio change in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes, and threaten preterm labour?. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2020;40:195–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2019.1621807
27. Alemu M, Ayana M, Abiy H, Minuye B, Alebachew W, Endalamaw A. Determinants of neonatal sepsis among neonates in the northwest part of Ethiopia: case-control study. Ital J Pediatr. 2019;45:150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-019-0739-2.
28. Sorsa A. Epidemiology of neonatal sepsis and associated factors implicated: observational study at neonatal intensive care unit of Arsi University Teaching and Referral Hospital, South East Ethiopia. Ethiopian journal of health sciences. 2019;29:333–342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v29i3.5.
29. Jameel MD, Jasim MA, Qais AS, Mansour HS. Neonatal Sepsis and its Associated Risk Factors in Albatool Teaching hospital / Diyala / Iraq. Diyala Journal of Medicine. 2020;19:103–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.19015140115.
30. Moon KC, Oh JW, Park CW, Park JS, Jun JK. The relationship among intra-amniotic inflammatory response, the progression of inflammation in chorionic plate and early-onset neonatal sepsis. Frontiers in paediatrics. 2021;9:582472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.582472.
31. Wen Y, Chen H, Ming X, Chen X, Zhou W. Analysis of risk factors, pathogenic bacteria of maternal sepsis in term pregnant women with positive blood culture during hospitalization. Medicine. S2021;100:e24847. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000024847.
32. Abate BB, Kasie AM, Reta MA, Kassaw MW. Neonatal sepsis and its associated factors in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of public health. 2020;65:1623–1633. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01489-x.
33. Gebremedhin D, Berhe H, Gebrekirstos K. Risk factors for neonatal sepsis in public hospitals of Mekelle City, North Ethiopia, 2015: Unmatched case control study. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154798.
34. Balderrama I, de la O-Cavazos ME, Martínez-Rios A, Cadena-López IM, Flores-Treviño KA. Sensitivity of histological chorioaminionitis and premature rupture of membranes for neonatal sepsis and its risk factors. Medicina Universitaria. 2016;18:10–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmu.2016.01.001.
35. Bhargava, A. Risk factors and outcome analysis of gram-positive and gram-negative neonatal sepsis: a case-control study. Canadian Journal of Infection Control. 2017;32:98-103. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Risk-factors-and-outcome-analysis-of-gram-positive-Bhargava/e8c5b27183cc32324b4e322dcc4c2af21fc92e7d.
36. Bulto GA, Fekene DB, Woldeyes BS, Debelo BT. Determinants of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to public hospitals in Central Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study. Global Pediatric Health. 2021;8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X21102618.
37. Perera KSY, Weerasekera M, Weerasinghe UDTM. Risk factors for early neonatal sepsis in the term baby. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health. 2018;47:44–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v47i1.8429.
38. Masanja PP, Kibusi SM, Mkhoi ML. ‘Predictors of early onset neonatal sepsis among neonates in dodoma, Tanzania: A case control study’. J Trop Pediatr. 2020;66:257–266. DOI: 10.1093/TROPEJ/FMZ062.
39. Mishra S, Jaiswar S, Saad S, Tripathi S, Singh N, Deo S, et al. Platelet indices as a predictive marker in neonatal sepsis and respiratory distress in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. International Journal of Hematology. 2021;113:199–206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-020-03025-2.
Published
2023-06-28
How to Cite
1.
Andini N, Rohmawati L, Fikri E, Mardina B. The association between premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm gestational age with neonatal sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PI [Internet]. 28Jun.2023 [cited 30Apr.2024];63(3):152-1. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/2931
Section
Neonatology
Copyright (c) 2023 Nanda Andini
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Received 2022-01-06
Accepted 2023-06-28
Published 2023-06-28
Accepted 2023-06-28
Published 2023-06-28
