Detección de cambio en superficie costera mediante la segmentación de imágenes aéreas utilizando redes neuronales convolucionales
Resumen
La conservación de ecosistemas en zonas costeras debe contemplarse dentro de un marco sustentable con las actividades antropogénicas. Es relevante cuantificar el impacto que generan agentes externos, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo es implementar un método para el monitoreo de la degradación en superficie de playa y vegetación litoral adyacente. Fueron recabadas capturas de imágenes aéreas de zonas costeras protegidas, obtenidas periódicamente mediante un vehículo drone. Se integró un dataset que contempla todas las fases estacionales y distingue 5 clases para su monitoreo: Mangle, vegetación rastrera, arena, mar y cerro-planicie. Para la segmentación semántica se implementaron y compararon distintas arquitecturas de redes neuronales convolucionales (CNN) empleando aprendizaje transferido. Los resultados han sido robustos en la clasificación, alcanzando una precisión global del 93.9% y entre 89.9-95.8% en las clases individuales. En la métrica Intersección sobre Unión, IoU, el rango fue entre 86.6-92.7%. En la detección de cambio son utilizadas series temporales para el monitoreo de clases. Este método ha sido aplicado al caso de estudio de la playa Ensenada Grande en el Parque Nacional Archipiélago Espíritu Santo.
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