The role of digital technologies for culture-driven local development in Europe: A policy review

Downloads

Pubblicato

2023-12-18

Fascicolo

Sezione

The Role of Cultural Heritage in the Green and Digital Transition

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13138/2039-2362/3183

Autori

  • Paola Beccherle Università degli Studi di Firenze
  • Luciana Lazzeretti Università degli Studi di Firenze

Abstract

The use of new technologies in the digital age has transformed the ways of producing, preserving, and participating in the cultural heritage of the territories. Consequently, the culture-driven approach to local development takes on a hybrid dimension, where culture, local and digital development interrelate in physical and digital spaces. The research aims to identify the themes in which the EU’s policies for cultural heritage, local development, and digital transformation meet to understand the areas in which the use of new technological applications for culture-driven local development is supported in Europe. To do that, a qualitative investigation of policies was conducted using NVivo 14. The results show that the EU policies recognize the importance of enhancing the local tourist experience through digital cultural content, the digital preservation of the local cultural heritage, and the participation in cultural heritage in the digital space.

 

L’utilizzo delle nuove tecnologie nell’era digitale ha trasformato i modi di produrre, conservare e partecipare il patrimonio culturale dei territori. Conseguentemente, l’approccio culture-driven allo sviluppo locale assume una dimensione ibrida, in cui cultura, sviluppo locale e digitale si interrelazionano sia nello spazio fisico sia in quello digitale. L’obiettivo della ricerca è di identificare i temi in cui le politiche per il patrimonio culturale, per lo sviluppo locale e per la trasformazione digitale dell’UE si incontrano, al fine di comprendere gli ambiti in cui l’utilizzo delle nuove tecnologie per lo sviluppo locale a base culturale è sostenuto in Europa. Per fare ciò, è stata condotta un’indagine qualitativa delle politiche utilizzando NVivo 14. I risultati mostrano che le politiche dell’UE riconoscono l’importanza del miglioramento dell’esperienza turistica locale attraverso contenuti culturali digitali, della conservazione digitale del patrimonio culturale locale, e della partecipazione al patrimonio culturale nello spazio digitale.

Riferimenti bibliografici

Acke L., De Vis K., Verwulgen S., Verlinden J. (2021), Survey and literature study to provide insights on the application of 3D technologies in objects conservation and restoration, «Journal of Cultural Heritage», n. 49, pp. 272-288.

Anderson J.E. (2003), Public policymaking: An introduction, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Bekele M., Pierdicca R., Frontoni E., Malinverni E., Gain J. (2018), A Survey of Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality for Cultural Heritage, «ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage», 11, n. 2, pp. 1-36.

Borin E., Donato F. (2020), What is the legacy of the European Year of Cultural Heritage? A long way from cultural policies towards innovative cultural management models, «European Journal of Cultural Management & Policy», 10, n. 2, pp. 4-20.

Camagni R., Capello R. (2013), Regional Competitiveness and Territorial Capital: A Conceptual Approach and Empirical Evidence from the European Union, «Regional Studies», 47, n. 9, pp. 1383-1402.

Camagni R., Capello R., Cerisola S., Panzera E. (2020), The cultural heritage-territorial capital nexus: theory and empirics, «Il capitale culturale. Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage», Supplementi, n. 11, pp. 33-59.

Capello R. (2011), Location, Regional Growth and Local Development Theories, «AESTIMUM», n. 58, pp. 1-25.

Cerisola S. (2019), Cultural heritage, creativity and economic development, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Coffey W.J., Polèse M. (1985), Local development: Conceptual bases and policy implications, «Regional Studies», 19, n. 2, pp. 85-93.

Cooke P.N., Lazzeretti L., eds. (2008), Creative cities, cultural clusters and local economic development, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Council of Europe (2005), Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society, Treaty Series, n. 199, Faro, 27th October 2005, https://rm.coe.int/1680083746, 21.12.2022.

Council of the EU (2014), Conclusions of the Council and of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States, meeting within the Council, on a Work Plan for Culture (2015-2018), 2014/C 463/02, Official Journal of the European Union, Brussels, 23 December 2014, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52014XG1223(02)&from=EN, 21.12.2022.

Council of the EU (2018), Council conclusions on the Work Plan for Culture 2019-2022, 2018/C 460/10, Official Journal of the European Union, Brussels, 21 December 2018, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018XG1221(01), 22.21.2022.

Council of the EU (2022), Council resolution on the EU Work Plan for Culture 2023-2026, Brussels, 29 November 2022, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/60399/st15381-en22.pdf, 21.12.2022.

CSES (2010), Study on the Contribution of Culture to Local and Regional Development – Evidence from Structural Funds. Final Report for the European Commission, Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services / ERICarts Institute, March 2010, http://www.kulturdokumentation.org/akt_proj/Annex_1.pdf, 21.12.2022.

de Souza e Silva A. (2006), From cyber to hybrid: Mobile technologies as interfaces of hybrid space, «Space and Culture», 9, n. 3, pp. 261-278.

Della Torre S. (2010), Conservazione programmata: i risvolti economici di un cambio di paradigma, «Il capitale culturale. Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage», n. 1, pp. 47-56.

Donato F. (2021), Cultura, patrimonio culturale e creatività nelle politiche della ricerca europee, «Il capitale culturale. Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage», n. 24, pp. 341-359.

EC (1999), ESDP: European Spatial Development Perspective: Towards balanced and sustainable development of the territory of the European Union, Brussels, Publications Office of the European Union, https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/a8abd557-e346-4531-a6ef-e81d3d95027f, 21.12.2022.

EC (2014), Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Towards an integrated approach to cultural heritage for Europe, COM(2014) 477 final, Brussels, 22 July 2014, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0477&from=en, 21.12.2022.

EC (2017), European Year of Cultural Heritage 2018 – Questions and Answers, Brussels, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/MEMO_17_5066, 21.12.2022.

EC (2018), Final Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: A New European Agenda for Culture, Com(2018) 267, SWD(2018) 167 final, Brussels, 22 May 2018, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2018:267:FIN, 21.12.2022.

EC (2019), European Framework for Action on Cultural Heritage, Commission Staff Working Document, Brussels, 27 May 2019, https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/5a9c3144-80f1-11e9-9f05-01aa75ed71a1, 22.12.2022.

EC (2020a), Urban Agenda for the EU, Partnership on Culture/Cultural Heritage: Final Action Plan, Brussels, 19 November 2020, https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/urban-agenda/culturecultural-heritage/action-plan/final-action-plan-partnership-culturecultural-heritage, 22.12.2022.

EC (2020b), Horizon 2020 Work Programme 2018-2020: 13. Europe in a changing world – Inclusive, innovative and reflective societies, Commission Decision C(2020)6320, Brussels, 17 September 2020, https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/wp/2018-2020/main/h2020-wp1820-societies_en.pdf, 22.12.2022.

EC (2021a), Annex to the Commission Implementing Decision on the financing of the Digital Europe Programme and the adoption of the multiannual work programme for 2021-2022, C(2021) 7914 final, Brussels, 10 November 2021, https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/repository/document/2021-46/C_2021_7914_1_EN_annexe_acte_autonome_cp_part1_v3_x3qnsqH6g4B4JabSGBy9UatCRc8_81099.pdf, 22.12.2022.

EC (2021b), Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/1970 of 10 November 2021 on a common European data space for cultural heritage, Official Journal of the European Union, Brussels, 12 November 2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021H1970&from=EN, 22.12.2022.

EC (2021c), Horizon Europe Strategic Plan (2021-2024), Brussels, February 2021, https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/horizon_europe_strategic_plan_2021-2024.pdf, 22.12.2022.

EC (2022a), Horizon Europe Work Programme 2023-2024: 5. Culture, Creativity and Inclusive Society, Brussels, December 2022, https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/docs/2021-2027/horizon/wp-call/2023-2024/wp-5-culture-creativity-and-inclusive-society_horizon-2023-2024_en.pdf, 04.04.2023.

EC (2022b), Recovery and Resilience Scoreboard: Thematic analysis Culture and Creative Industries, Brussels, April 2022, https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/recovery-and-resilience-scoreboard/assets/thematic_analysis/scoreboard_thematic_analysis_culture.pdf, 22.12.2022.

EC (2022c), Horizon Europe Work Programme 2021-2022: 5. Culture, creativity and inclusive society, Decision C(2022)2975, Brussels, 10 May 2022, pp. 1-126, https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/docs/2021-2027/horizon/wp-call/2021-2022/wp-5-culture-creativity-and-inclusive-society_horizon-2021-2022_en.pdf, 21.12.2022.

EC (2023), ANNEX to the Commission Implementing Decision on the financing of the Digital Europe Programme and the adoption of the work programme for 2023-2024 and amending the Commission Implementing Decision C(2021) 7914 on the adoption of the multiannual work programme for 2021-2022, 24.3.2023 C(2023) 1862 final, Brussels, https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/digital-europe-programmes-multiannual-work-programme-2023-2024, 18.04.2023.

European Parliament, Council of the EU (2013), Regulation (EU) No 1301/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 on the European Regional Development Fund and on specific provisions concerning the Investment for growth and jobs goal and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1080/2006, Official Journal of the European Union, Brussels, 20 December 2013, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013R1301&from=EN, 22.12.2022.

European Parliament, Council of the EU (2017), Decision (EU) 2017/864 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2017 on a European Year of Cultural Heritage (2018), Brussels, 20 May 2017, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017D0864&from=EN, 21.12.2022.

European Parliament, Council of the EU (2021a), Regulation (EU) 2021/1058 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2021 on the European Regional Development Fund and on the Cohesion Fund, Brussels, 30 June 2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021R1058&from=EN, 22.12.2022.

European Parliament, Council of the EU (2021b), Regulation (EU) 2021/241 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 February 2021 establishing the Recovery and Resilience Facility, Brussels, 18 February 2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021R0241&from=EN, 22.12.2022.

Florida R. (2007), Who’s Your City? How the Creative Economy is Making Where to Live the Most Important Decision of Your Life, New York: Basic Books.

Grincheva N. (2020), Museums as Actors of City Diplomacy: From “Hard” Assets to “Soft” Power, in City Diplomacy, edited by S. Amiri, E. Sevin, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan Series in Global Public Diplomacy, pp. 111-136.

Hay C., Smith N. (2005), Horses for Courses? The Political Discourse of Globalisation and European Integration in the UK and Ireland, «West European Politics», 28, n. 1, pp. 124-158.

Hutchison A.J., Johnston L.H., Breckon J.D. (2010), Using QSR‐NVivo to facilitate the development of a grounded theory project: an account of a worked example, «International Journal of Social Research Methodology», 13, n. 4, pp. 283-302.

Interact, EC (2018), Connecting Cultures, Connected Citizens: Inspiring examples of Interreg Cultural Heritage projects in the framework of the 2018 European Year of Cultural Heritage, Brussels, https://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/2328/1/Connecting%20Cultures%2C%20Connected%20Citizens_ebook_5.pdf, 21.12.2022.

Krippendorff K. (2013). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (3rd ed.), Thousand Oaks, London and New Delhi: Sage.

Kulesz O. (2020), Supporting Culture in the Digital Age: Public Report, edited by M. Okell, International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA), March 2020, https://ifacca.org/media/filer_public/30/b4/30b47b66-5649-4d11-ba6e-20d59fbac7c5/supporting_culture_in_the_digital_age_-_public_report_-_english.pdf, 21.12.2022.

Lazzeretti L. (2009), The creative capacity of culture and the New Creative Milieu, in The Handbook of Industrial Districts, edited by G. Becattini, M. Bellandi, L. De Propris, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 281-294.

Lazzeretti L. (2022), What is the role of culture facing the digital revolution challenge? Some reflections for a research agenda, «European Planning Studies», 30, n. 9, pp. 1617-1637.

Longo D., Roversi R., Orlandi S., Turillazzi B. (2021), Report on CCs analysis, 4CH Competence Centre, 28 July 2021, University of Bologna, pp. 1-213, https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5e0545a81&appId=PPGMS, 13.04.2023.

Maher C., Hadfield M., Hutchings M., de Eyto A. (2018), Ensuring Rigor in Qualitative Data Analysis: A Design Research Approach to Coding Combining NVivo With Traditional Material Methods, «International Journal of Qualitative Methods», n. 17, pp. 1-13.

Martin H. (2008), Making digital cultures access, interactivity, and authenticity, New York: Ashgate.

Mortelmans D. (2019), Analyzing Qualitative Data Using NVivo, in The Palgrave Handbook of Methods for Media Policy Research, edited by H. Van den Bulck, M. Puppis, K. Donders, L. Van Audenhove, Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 435-450.

Münster S., Utescher R., Aydogan S.U. (2021), Digital themes on cultural heritage investigated: how can data-driven and data-guided methods support to identify current themes and trends in digital heritage?, «Built Heritage», 5, n. 25, pp. 1-13.

Murzyn-Kupisz M., Dziazek J. (2013), Cultural heritage in building and enhancing social capital, «Journal of Cultural Heritage, Management and Sustainable Development», 3, n.1, pp. 35-54.

Panezi A. (2018), Europe’s new renaissance: new policies and rules for digital preservation and access to european cultural heritage, «Columbia Journal of European Law», 24, n. 3, pp. 596-611.

Panzera E. (2022), Cultural Heritage and Territorial Identity: Synergies and Development Impact on European Regions, Advances in Spatial Science series, New York City: Springer Publishing.

Papangelis K., Chamberlain A., Lykourentzou I., Vassilis-Javed K., Saker M., Liang H., Cao T. (2020), Performing the Digital Self: Understanding Location-Based Social Networking, Territory, Space, and Identity in the City, «ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction», 27, n. 1, pp. 1-26.

Richards T., Richards L. (2003), The Way Ahead in Qualitative Computing, «Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods», 2, n. 1, pp. 16-26.

Riganti P., Nijkamp P. (2006), The Value of Urban Cultural Heritage: An Intelligent Environment Approach, «Studies in Regional Science», 36, n. 2, pp. 451-469.

Robins C.S., Eisen K. (2017), Strategies for the effective use of NVivo in a large-scale study: Qualitative analysis and the repeal of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, «Qualitative Inquiry», 23, n. 10, pp. 768-778.

Sacco P., Ferilli G., Blessi G.T. (2014), Understanding culture-led local development: A critique of alternative theoretical explanations, «Urban studies», 51, n. 13, pp. 2806-2821.

Sacco P., Ferilli G., Blessi G.T. (2018), From Culture 1.0 to Culture 3.0: Three Socio-Technical Regimes of Social and Economic Value Creation through Culture, and Their Impact on European Cohesion Policies, «Sustainability», 10, n. 3923, pp. 1-23.

Sedita S.R., Ozeki T. (2022), Path renewal dynamics in the Kyoto kimono cluster: How to revitalize cultural heritage through digitalization, «European Planning Studies», 30, n. 9, pp. 1736-1754.

Silberman N.A. (2020), Good-bye to all that: COVID-19 and the transformations of cultural heritage, «International Journal of Cultural Property», n. 27, pp. 467-475.

Sokolovskiy K., Vershitskaya E., Latysheva V. (2023), The efficient use of new cultural management tools in the adaptation of public heritage during the COVID-19 pandemic, «Museum Management and Curatorship», https://doi.org/10.1080/09647775.2023.2188480.

Solima L. (2020), Museums and the digital revolution: Gaming as an audience development tool, in Digital Transformation in the Cultural and Creative Industries: Production, Consumption and Entrepreneurship in the Digital and Sharing Economy, edited by M. Massi, M. Vecco, Y. Lin, London: Routledge, pp. 51-60.

Tscheu F., Buhalis D. (2016), Augmented Reality at Cultural Heritage sites, in Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, edited by A. Inversini, R. Schegg, Cham: Springer, pp. 607-619.

UIA (2020), Culture and Cultural Heritage: Prompts for urban authorities, https://www.uia-initiative.eu/en/culture-and-cultural-heritage, 22.12.2022.

UNESCO (2005), The 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris, 20 October 2005, https://en.unesco.org/creativity/sites/creativity/files/passeport-convention2005-web2.pdf, 21.12.2022.

UNESCO (2009), Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage, CL/3865, Paris, 16 January 2009, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000179529.page=2, 21.12.2022.

Come citare

Beccherle, P., & Lazzeretti, L. (2023). The role of digital technologies for culture-driven local development in Europe: A policy review. Il Capitale Culturale. Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage, (28), 25–58. https://doi.org/10.13138/2039-2362/3183