Evaluation of Spatio-temporal dynamics in agriculture in arid and semiarid region of Rajasthan, India-A statistical approach
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Sonia
Sunita
Tathagata Ghosh
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-5700
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-5700
Abstract
The aridity of the arid and semiarid region of Rajasthan, India is considered as a great challenge for the growth of the crops due to lack of precipitation and high range of temperature. The present study focused on evaluating agricultural dynamics of the arid and semi-arid region of Rajasthan for the period of 2008-09 and 2021-22. The study comprised seven districts of Rajasthan: Barmer, Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Jaisalmer and Jodhpur. Indices like crop combinations, crop diversity and agricultural efficiency of crops were taken into consideration. Hanumangarh showed 8 crop combinations to 4 from past to recent years viz. Bajra (Pennisetum glaucum), Guar seed (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Kharif pulses (Without Arhar) and Moth (Vigna aconitifolia), while in Jaisalmer, it was 3 crop combinations in the past while it is 6 in the recent years viz. Bajra, Guar seed , Moth , Mustard (Brassica), Mung (Vigna radiata) and Groundnut(Arachis hypogaea). A small percentage of Seasamum (Sesamum indicum) and Cotton (LINT)(Gossypium) was in the past previous years, but now, it is almost negligible. Wheat (Triticum) was observed in a lower to moderate percentage share throughout the period. There was no change in the dominant crops except in Ganganagar and Churu district. All the districts had higher crop diversification in recent years except Barmer. The result of agricultural efficiency showed that Ganganagar, Jodhpur, Hanumangarh had higher agricultural efficiency (> 100), while Barmer had the least value (< 50). Agricultural Indices efficiently visualized temporal agriculture trends in arid and semiarid regions of Rajasthan.
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Keywords
Agricultural dynamics, Agricultural efficiency, Crop combination, Crop diversification
References
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Aryal, J. P., Manchanda, N. & Sonobe, T. (2022). Expectations for household food security in the coming decades: A global scenario. In Future Foods (pp. 107-131). Academic Press.
Biswas, B. (2022). Changing crop concentration and agricultural efficiency: a study in West Bengal, India. GeoJournal, 87(2), 491-513.
Beach, R. H., Sulser, T. B., Crimmins, A., Cenacchi, N., Cole, J., Fukagawa, N. K., ... & Ziska, L. H. (2019). Combining the effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on protein, iron, and zinc availability and projected climate change on global diets: a modelling study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 3(7), e307-e317.
Bhalla., L. R., and Bhalla., K., 2013. Contemporary Rajasthan. Kuldeep Publication India.
Bhatia, S. S. (1967). Spatial variations, changes and trends in agricultural efficiency in Uttar Pradesh, 1953-1963. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 22(902-2018-2012), :66-80.
Cardozo, N. P., de Oliveira Bordonal, R., & La Scala Jr, N. (2018). Sustainable intensification of sugarcane production under irrigation systems, considering climate interactions and agricultural efficiency. Journal of Cleaner Production, 204, 861-871.
Chandra, S. (2013). Crop Diversification Pattern: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis in Haryana: 1990-93 & 2009-12. South -Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (SAJMS), 5(1), 73-89.
Chivu, L., Andrei, J. V., Zaharia, M., & Gogonea, R. M. (2020). A regional agricultural efficiency convergence assessment in Romania–Appraising differences and understanding potentials. Land Use Policy, 99, 104838.
Department of Agriculture, Government of Rajasthan (https://www.tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/content/agriculture/en/Agriculture-Department-dep/agriculture-statistics.html accessed on 10-01-2023)
District census handbooks (2011): (https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/RajastanA.html accessed on 10-01-2023)
Duraisamy, V., Bendapudi, R. & Jadhav, A. (2018). Identifying hotspots in land use land cover change and the drivers in a semiarid region of India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(9), 535.
Dutta, S. (2012). Assessment of agricultural efficiency and productivity: A study of Hugli district, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Current Research, 4(11), 190-195.
Francaviglia, R., Álvaro-Fuentes, J., Di Bene, C., Gai, L., Regina, K., & Turtola, E. (2020). Diversification and management practices in selected European regions. A data analysis of arable crops production. Agronomy, 10(2), 297.
Gaikwad, S. B., Mane, S. P. & DK, D. B. (2019). Crop Combination Calculate Based on Weaver’s Method in Malshiras Tahsil. Research Journ. Special Issue-133, Pp-301-306.
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Iqbal, C. (1979). High Yielding Varieties of Seeds and their Impact on Agricultural Development. book Dynamics of Agricultural Development in India, Concept Publications, New Delhi, India ,71-80.
Kar, A., 2014. Agricultural land use in arid Western Rajasthan: Resource exploitation and emerging issues. Agropedology, 24(2), pp.179-196.
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Piedra-Bonilla, E. B., da Cunha, D. A. & Braga, M. J. (2020). Climate variability and crop diversification in Brazil: An ordered probit analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 256, 120252.
Prasad, J. & Maravi, K. S. (2021). Geographical Study of Crop Combination and Crop Diversification in Dindori District, Madhya Pradesh, The Deccan Geographer, 59 (1 & 2), 118-132
Sapre, S.G. and Deshpande, V.D., (1964). Inter-district variations in agricultural efficiency in Maharashtra state. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 19(902-2016-68160), pp.242-252.
Shafi, M. (2006). Agricultural geography. Dorling Kindersly (India) pvt, ltd, Licensees of Pearson Education in South Asia. New Delhi.
Tian, Z., Wang, J. W., Li, J. & Han, B. (2021). Designing future crops: challenges and strategies for sustainable agriculture. The Plant Journal, 105(5), 1165-1178.
Truscott, L., Aranda, D., Nagarajan, P., Tovignan, S., and Travaglini, A.L. (2009). A snapshot of crop diversification in organic cotton farms. Discussion paper. op diversification in organic cotton farms. Discussion paper, Soil Association, https://www.sustainabilityxchange.info/filesagri/Crop%20di versification.pdf (Available at: 01.09.2018).
Wang, G., Li, X., Xi, X. & Cong, W. F. (2022). Crop diversification reinforces soil microbiome functions and soil health. Plant and Soil, 476(1-2), 375-383.
Weaver, J. C. (1954). Crop-combination regions in the Middle West. Geogr. Rev., 44(2) :175-200.
Wiebe, K., Lotze-Campen, H., Sands, R., Tabeau, A., van der Mensbrugghe, D., Biewald, A., ... & Willenbockel, D. (2015). Climate change impacts on agriculture in 2050 under a range of plausible socioeconomic and emissions scenarios. Environmental Research Letters, 10(8), 085010.
Yang, G., Li, S., Wang, H., & Wang, L. (2022). Study on agricultural cultivation development layout based on the matching characteristic of water and land resources in North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management, 259, 107272.
Zhang, P., Zhang, J., & Chen, M. (2017). Economic impacts of climate change on agriculture: The importance of additional climatic variables other than temperature and precipitation. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 83, 8-31.
Agricultural Statistics of Rajasthan (2018-19). Retrieved 30 June 2021,
Arora, N. K. (2019). Impact of climate change on agriculture production and its sustainable solutions. Environmental Sustainability, 2(2), 95-96.
Aryal, J. P., Manchanda, N. & Sonobe, T. (2022). Expectations for household food security in the coming decades: A global scenario. In Future Foods (pp. 107-131). Academic Press.
Biswas, B. (2022). Changing crop concentration and agricultural efficiency: a study in West Bengal, India. GeoJournal, 87(2), 491-513.
Beach, R. H., Sulser, T. B., Crimmins, A., Cenacchi, N., Cole, J., Fukagawa, N. K., ... & Ziska, L. H. (2019). Combining the effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on protein, iron, and zinc availability and projected climate change on global diets: a modelling study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 3(7), e307-e317.
Bhalla., L. R., and Bhalla., K., 2013. Contemporary Rajasthan. Kuldeep Publication India.
Bhatia, S. S. (1967). Spatial variations, changes and trends in agricultural efficiency in Uttar Pradesh, 1953-1963. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 22(902-2018-2012), :66-80.
Cardozo, N. P., de Oliveira Bordonal, R., & La Scala Jr, N. (2018). Sustainable intensification of sugarcane production under irrigation systems, considering climate interactions and agricultural efficiency. Journal of Cleaner Production, 204, 861-871.
Chandra, S. (2013). Crop Diversification Pattern: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis in Haryana: 1990-93 & 2009-12. South -Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (SAJMS), 5(1), 73-89.
Chivu, L., Andrei, J. V., Zaharia, M., & Gogonea, R. M. (2020). A regional agricultural efficiency convergence assessment in Romania–Appraising differences and understanding potentials. Land Use Policy, 99, 104838.
Department of Agriculture, Government of Rajasthan (https://www.tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/content/agriculture/en/Agriculture-Department-dep/agriculture-statistics.html accessed on 10-01-2023)
District census handbooks (2011): (https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/RajastanA.html accessed on 10-01-2023)
Duraisamy, V., Bendapudi, R. & Jadhav, A. (2018). Identifying hotspots in land use land cover change and the drivers in a semiarid region of India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(9), 535.
Dutta, S. (2012). Assessment of agricultural efficiency and productivity: A study of Hugli district, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Current Research, 4(11), 190-195.
Francaviglia, R., Álvaro-Fuentes, J., Di Bene, C., Gai, L., Regina, K., & Turtola, E. (2020). Diversification and management practices in selected European regions. A data analysis of arable crops production. Agronomy, 10(2), 297.
Gaikwad, S. B., Mane, S. P. & DK, D. B. (2019). Crop Combination Calculate Based on Weaver’s Method in Malshiras Tahsil. Research Journ. Special Issue-133, Pp-301-306.
Gibbs, J. P., and Martin, W. T. (1962). Urbanization, technology, and the division of labor: International patterns. Am Sociol Rev, 667-677.
Husain., M. (2020). Agricultural geography. Rawat Publications.
Hydrogeological atlas of Rajasthan (2013). State ground water department Rajasthan.
Iqbal, C. (1979). High Yielding Varieties of Seeds and their Impact on Agricultural Development. book Dynamics of Agricultural Development in India, Concept Publications, New Delhi, India ,71-80.
Kar, A., 2014. Agricultural land use in arid Western Rajasthan: Resource exploitation and emerging issues. Agropedology, 24(2), pp.179-196.
Li, B., Liu, X., Zhu, D., Su, H., Guo, K., Sun, G., ... & Sun, L. (2023). Crop diversity promotes the recovery of fungal communities in saline-alkali areas of the Western Songnen Plain. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14.
Lyu, X., Peng, W., Yu, W., Xin, Z., Niu, S. & Qu, Y. (2021). Sustainable intensification to coordinate agricultural efficiency and environmental protection: A systematic review based on metrological visualization. Journal of Land Use Science, 16(3), 313-338.
Makate, C., Wang, R., Makate, M., and Mango, N. (2016). Crop diversification and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe: adaptive management for environmental change. Springer Plus, 5(1),1-18.
Nemecek, T., Hayer, F., Bonnin, E., Carrouée, B., Schneider, A., & Vivier, C. (2015). Designing eco-efficient crop rotations using life cycle assessment of crop combinations. European Journal of Agronomy, 65, 40-51.
Nisha. (2015). Major Crop Combination Regions in Jammu Province: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(3), 897-905. doi:10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0403014
Njeru, E. M. (2013). Crop diversification: a potential strategy to mitigate food insecurity by smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 3(4), 63-69.
Pawlak, K. & Kołodziejczak, M. (2020). The role of agriculture in ensuring food security in developing countries: Considerations in the context of the problem of sustainable food production. Sustainability, 12(13), 5488.
Piedra-Bonilla, E. B., da Cunha, D. A. & Braga, M. J. (2020). Climate variability and crop diversification in Brazil: An ordered probit analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 256, 120252.
Prasad, J. & Maravi, K. S. (2021). Geographical Study of Crop Combination and Crop Diversification in Dindori District, Madhya Pradesh, The Deccan Geographer, 59 (1 & 2), 118-132
Sapre, S.G. and Deshpande, V.D., (1964). Inter-district variations in agricultural efficiency in Maharashtra state. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 19(902-2016-68160), pp.242-252.
Shafi, M. (2006). Agricultural geography. Dorling Kindersly (India) pvt, ltd, Licensees of Pearson Education in South Asia. New Delhi.
Tian, Z., Wang, J. W., Li, J. & Han, B. (2021). Designing future crops: challenges and strategies for sustainable agriculture. The Plant Journal, 105(5), 1165-1178.
Truscott, L., Aranda, D., Nagarajan, P., Tovignan, S., and Travaglini, A.L. (2009). A snapshot of crop diversification in organic cotton farms. Discussion paper. op diversification in organic cotton farms. Discussion paper, Soil Association, https://www.sustainabilityxchange.info/filesagri/Crop%20di versification.pdf (Available at: 01.09.2018).
Wang, G., Li, X., Xi, X. & Cong, W. F. (2022). Crop diversification reinforces soil microbiome functions and soil health. Plant and Soil, 476(1-2), 375-383.
Weaver, J. C. (1954). Crop-combination regions in the Middle West. Geogr. Rev., 44(2) :175-200.
Wiebe, K., Lotze-Campen, H., Sands, R., Tabeau, A., van der Mensbrugghe, D., Biewald, A., ... & Willenbockel, D. (2015). Climate change impacts on agriculture in 2050 under a range of plausible socioeconomic and emissions scenarios. Environmental Research Letters, 10(8), 085010.
Yang, G., Li, S., Wang, H., & Wang, L. (2022). Study on agricultural cultivation development layout based on the matching characteristic of water and land resources in North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management, 259, 107272.
Zhang, P., Zhang, J., & Chen, M. (2017). Economic impacts of climate change on agriculture: The importance of additional climatic variables other than temperature and precipitation. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 83, 8-31.
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How to Cite
Evaluation of Spatio-temporal dynamics in agriculture in arid and semiarid region of Rajasthan, India-A statistical approach. (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(3), 1036-1043. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4743
