HR Development Perspective On The Economic Growth Of Rural Banks In Indonesia In The Society 5.0 Era
Abstract
One of the banking businesses in Indonesia is Rural Banks requiring tough human resources (HR) with appropriate competence. The activity of managing and developing human resources (HR) is an important and strategic thing in HR management in a Rural Bank (BPR). The purpose of this research are to find the point of skill improvement, competence improvement, human resources' skill transformation into work system , human resources' capability improvement, industry society 5.0-based human resource development and economic growth. This research employed a descriptive quantitative method through path analysis using SPSS 22. The purposive sampling technique, 95 workers of the population were taken using questionnaires distributed via email. The results of this study demonstrated that the improvement of human resources (HR) skills, competence, and skill transformation to the work system positively and significantly affected the increase in HR's capabilities in the Rural Banks throughout Indonesia, and these three variables had an effect on HR development in the Rural Banks based on Industry Society 5.0. Simultaneously, the improvement of HR's skills, competence, and the skill transformation to the work system had a positive and significant impact on HR development based on Industry Society 5.0 in the Rural Banks throughout Indonesia through the increase in HR's capabilities as an intervening variable
Keywords: industry society 5.0, human resources, rural banks, development, capability, improvement, economic growth
References
[BPS] Central Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Number of Indonesian Poor Population by Regency/City in 2015 – 2021. WWW.BPS.GO.ID
Adetutu, MO, Odusanya, KA, Ebireri, JE, & Murinde, V. (2020). Oil booms, bank productivity and natural resource curse in finance. Economics Letters, 186(xxxx), 108517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2019.07.002
Adji, J. (2014). The Effect of Satisfaction and Trust on Purchase Intention at Starbucks The Square Surabaya. Journal of Marketing Strategy, 2(1), 1–10. http://publication.petra.ac.id/index.php/manajemen-pasaran/article/view/1394
Amaral, G., Bushee, J., Cordani, Ug, Kawashita, K., Reynolds, Jh, Almeida, Ffmde, De Almeida, Ffm, Hasui, Y., De Brito Neves, Bb, Fuck, Ra, Oldenzaal, Z ., Guida, A., Tchalenko, Js, Peacock, Dcp, Sanderson, Dj, Rotevatn, A., Nixon, Cw, Rotevatn, A., Sanderson, Dj, … Junho, M. Do Cb (2013). Kotler Marketing. In The Journal Of Petrology. Https://Doi.Org/10.1017/Cbo9781107415324.004
Cascio, WF (2010). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits. Work.
Cotes, J., & Ugarte, SM (2021). A systemic and strategic approach to training needs analysis for the International Bank. Journal of Business Research, 127(March 2018), 464–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.05.02
Deguchi, A., Hirai, C., Matsuoka, H., & Nakano, T. (2020). Society 5.0: A people-centric super-smart society. Society 5.0: A People-Centric Super-Smart Society, 1–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2989-4
Du, J., Fan, X., Feng, T., Steyn, TFJ, Meyer, CF De, Evanschitzky, H., Brock, C., Blut, M., Gabbott, M., Tsarenko, Y., Wai Hoe Mok, Grougiou, V., Pettigrew, S., Jones, T., Dacin, P.a., Taylor, SF, Malhotra, A., Kubowicz Malhotra, C., Umashankar, N., … Kotsos, B. (2010). The Role of Emotions and Relationship quality in Service Failure and Recovery. Journal of Service Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00114-4
Dubey, N., & Tanksale, A. (2022). A study of barriers for adoption and growth of food banks in India using hybrid DEMATEL and Analytic Network Process. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 79(July 2020), 101124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2021.101124
Fatihudin, D. (2015). Research Methods For Economics, Management and Accounting. Zifatama, Sidoarjo.
Ferdinand, A. (2011). Management Research Methods Research Guidelines for Writing Thesis Thesis and Management Science. In Semarang: Diponegoro University.
Gnanlet, A., & Yayla-Kullu, HM (2013). Impact of international presence on service supply chain quality. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2(3), 32–40.
Government of Japan. (2018). Realizing Society 5.0. 5.
Hafeez, U., & Akbar, W. (2015). “Impact of Training on Employees Performance” (Evidence from Pharmaceutical Companies in Karachi, Pakistan). Business Management and Strategy, 6(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.5296/bms.v6i1.7804
Handoko, TH (2011). Personnel Management and Human Resources. Introduction to Management.
Hendarsyah, D. (2019). E-Commerce in the Industrial Age 4.0 and Society 5.0. IQTISHADUNA: Our Scientific Journal of Economics, 8(2), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.46367/iqtishaduna.v8i2.170
Herli, AS (2013). Management of BPR and Micro Financing Financial Institutions. Andi Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta.
Hidayat, N., Hubeis, M., Sukmawati, A., & Eriyatno, E. (2020). Competency-Based Human Resource Management Model for the Industrial Era 4.0. Journal of Business and Management Applications, 6(3), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.17358/jabm.6.3.501
Intan Fandini, N., & Sunariani, NN (2020). Strategy to Improve Competency of Rural Bank Employees (BPR). Journal of Business Management, 17(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.38043/jmb.v17i1.2340
Jos, M. (2017). Human Resources Management Skills Needed by Organizations. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, 395–402.
Korukcu, O., & Kukulu, K. (2016). The challenges and opportunities of social media in health. In Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology (Vol. 2016, Issue DecemberSpecial Issue, pp. 743–745). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
Malik, A. (2019). Strategic Human Resource Management and Employment Relations: An International Perspective. In Work Design and HR Planning: A Strategic Perspective.
Marroof, M., Ahmad, & Khan, M. (2019). Skill Development Programs in India -A Literature Review of Skills. International Journal of Multidisciplinary, 04(03), 459–467.
Martono, S., & Putri, VW (2018). HRM Practices in Indonesia : the Contributing Power of Embeddedness and Support 9(36), 206–217. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v9i2.16379
Mathis, RL, & Jackson, JH (2012). Human Resource Management. In Human Resource Management.
Misbah, M., & Budiyanto. (2020). Strategic Human Resources Management to Challenges of the Society Era 5.0. International Conference on Business and Social Sciences (ICOBUSS) Surabaya, 724–733.
Mitkova, L. (2014). Implementation of open innovation model: organizational approach. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 3(2), 77–87.
Nasir, SZ, & Mahmood, N. (2018). A Study of Effect of Employee Retention on Organizational Competence. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(4), 408–415. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i4/4022
Noverius Laoli, FS (2021). In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, the BPR business continued to grow positively. CASH. https://keuangan.kontan.co.id/news/di-tengah-pandemi-covid-19-business-bpr-terus-tumbuh-positive
Novianti, KR (2018). CULTURAL DIMENSION ISSUES IN INDONESIA HUMAN RESOURCE. 2(3), 245–256.
Nugroho, YAB (2015). HR Training and Development. Atmajaya Indonesian Catholic University, Jakarta.
Pereira*, AG, Lima, TM, & Charrua-Santos, F. (2020). Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0: Opportunities and Threats. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(5), 3305–3308. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d8764.018520
Predy, M., Sutarto, J., Prihatin, T., & Yulianto, A. (2019). Millennial Generation who are Ready to Face the Era of the Digital Revolution (Society 5.0 and Industrial Revolution 4.0) in the field of education through the development of human resources.
Ramli, RR (2021). In the Midst of the Pandemic, the Performance of BPR and BPRS Remains Excellent. Kompas.Com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/11/30/111006126/di-tengah-pandemi-kinerja-bpr-dan-bprs-tetap-moncer.
Reza, F. (2016). Sales promotion strategy. Journal of Communication Studies, 4/1(1), 1–10.
Riyadi, S. (2021). Competitiveness-Based HR Management. UNITOMO Press, Surabaya.
Rohida, L. (2018). The Influence of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era on Human Resource Competence. Indonesian Journal of Management and Business, 6(1), 114–136. https://doi.org/10.31843/jmbi.v6i1.187
Rusmahadewi, IA, & Darma, GS (2018). Team Engagement and Performance Management (A Study of Banking Industry). Journal of Management And Business, 15(3), 135–153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38043/jmb.v15i3.605
Sayekti, A., & Kartika, L. (2016). Model Design of Human Resource Capacity Building in Rural Banks (BPR). Journal of Management Applications, 14(2), 217–232. https://doi.org/10.18202/jam23026332.14.2.04
Schuler, RS, & Jackson, SE (2005). A Quarter-Century Review of Human Resource Management in the US: The Growth in Importance of the International Perspective. Management Rev. https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2005-1-11
Sharma, S., & Taneja, M. (2018). The effect of training on employee performance. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering.
Sudarmanto. (2015). HR Performance and Competency Development. HR Performance and Competency Development.
Sugiyono. (2017). Qualitative, Quantitative and R&D Research Methods. Alphabeta, Bandung.
Shah, AF (2021). The Role of Human Capital in Governance in the Era of Society 5.0: Theoretical and Empirical Overview. Journal of Education Administration, 28(3), 36. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/JAPSPs/article/view/39980/pdf
Totok Budisantoso & Nuritomo. (2018). Banks and Other Financial Institutions. Salemba Empat, Yogyakarta.
Triweko, RW (2020). Towards a society 5.0: the development of human-centred education and technology. November, 45.
Yasa, A., Suswanta, S., Rafi, M., Rahmanto, F., Setiawan, D., & Iqbal Fadhlurrohman, M. (2021). Strengthening Bureaucratic Reform Towards the Era of Society 5.0 in Indonesia. Master: Journal of Government Science, 20(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.35967/njip.v20i1.139
Yusuf, AM (2018). Research Methods Quantitative, Qualitative and Combined Research. Kencana, Jakarta.
Zen, BP, Fitriana, GF, & Gustalika, MA (2021). The role of competence through computational thinking in building a career in the IT world towards the Era of Society 5.0. Dedication to Science And Technology, 1(2), 94–98. https://doi.org/10.47709/dst.v1i2.1122
Zhang, C., & Stewart, J. (2017). Talent Management and Retention. In The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118972472.ch22
Zhao, L., Zhu, Q., & Zhang, L. (2021). Regulation adaptive strategy and bank efficiency: A network slacks-based measure with shared resources. European Journal of Operational Research, 295(1), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2021.02.050
Adetutu, MO, Odusanya, KA, Ebireri, JE, & Murinde, V. (2020). Oil booms, bank productivity and natural resource curse in finance. Economics Letters, 186(xxxx), 108517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2019.07.002
Adji, J. (2014). The Effect of Satisfaction and Trust on Purchase Intention at Starbucks The Square Surabaya. Journal of Marketing Strategy, 2(1), 1–10. http://publication.petra.ac.id/index.php/manajemen-pasaran/article/view/1394
Amaral, G., Bushee, J., Cordani, Ug, Kawashita, K., Reynolds, Jh, Almeida, Ffmde, De Almeida, Ffm, Hasui, Y., De Brito Neves, Bb, Fuck, Ra, Oldenzaal, Z ., Guida, A., Tchalenko, Js, Peacock, Dcp, Sanderson, Dj, Rotevatn, A., Nixon, Cw, Rotevatn, A., Sanderson, Dj, … Junho, M. Do Cb (2013). Kotler Marketing. In The Journal Of Petrology. Https://Doi.Org/10.1017/Cbo9781107415324.004
Cascio, WF (2010). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits. Work.
Cotes, J., & Ugarte, SM (2021). A systemic and strategic approach to training needs analysis for the International Bank. Journal of Business Research, 127(March 2018), 464–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.05.02
Deguchi, A., Hirai, C., Matsuoka, H., & Nakano, T. (2020). Society 5.0: A people-centric super-smart society. Society 5.0: A People-Centric Super-Smart Society, 1–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2989-4
Du, J., Fan, X., Feng, T., Steyn, TFJ, Meyer, CF De, Evanschitzky, H., Brock, C., Blut, M., Gabbott, M., Tsarenko, Y., Wai Hoe Mok, Grougiou, V., Pettigrew, S., Jones, T., Dacin, P.a., Taylor, SF, Malhotra, A., Kubowicz Malhotra, C., Umashankar, N., … Kotsos, B. (2010). The Role of Emotions and Relationship quality in Service Failure and Recovery. Journal of Service Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00114-4
Dubey, N., & Tanksale, A. (2022). A study of barriers for adoption and growth of food banks in India using hybrid DEMATEL and Analytic Network Process. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 79(July 2020), 101124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2021.101124
Fatihudin, D. (2015). Research Methods For Economics, Management and Accounting. Zifatama, Sidoarjo.
Ferdinand, A. (2011). Management Research Methods Research Guidelines for Writing Thesis Thesis and Management Science. In Semarang: Diponegoro University.
Gnanlet, A., & Yayla-Kullu, HM (2013). Impact of international presence on service supply chain quality. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2(3), 32–40.
Government of Japan. (2018). Realizing Society 5.0. 5.
Hafeez, U., & Akbar, W. (2015). “Impact of Training on Employees Performance” (Evidence from Pharmaceutical Companies in Karachi, Pakistan). Business Management and Strategy, 6(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.5296/bms.v6i1.7804
Handoko, TH (2011). Personnel Management and Human Resources. Introduction to Management.
Hendarsyah, D. (2019). E-Commerce in the Industrial Age 4.0 and Society 5.0. IQTISHADUNA: Our Scientific Journal of Economics, 8(2), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.46367/iqtishaduna.v8i2.170
Herli, AS (2013). Management of BPR and Micro Financing Financial Institutions. Andi Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta.
Hidayat, N., Hubeis, M., Sukmawati, A., & Eriyatno, E. (2020). Competency-Based Human Resource Management Model for the Industrial Era 4.0. Journal of Business and Management Applications, 6(3), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.17358/jabm.6.3.501
Intan Fandini, N., & Sunariani, NN (2020). Strategy to Improve Competency of Rural Bank Employees (BPR). Journal of Business Management, 17(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.38043/jmb.v17i1.2340
Jos, M. (2017). Human Resources Management Skills Needed by Organizations. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, 395–402.
Korukcu, O., & Kukulu, K. (2016). The challenges and opportunities of social media in health. In Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology (Vol. 2016, Issue DecemberSpecial Issue, pp. 743–745). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
Malik, A. (2019). Strategic Human Resource Management and Employment Relations: An International Perspective. In Work Design and HR Planning: A Strategic Perspective.
Marroof, M., Ahmad, & Khan, M. (2019). Skill Development Programs in India -A Literature Review of Skills. International Journal of Multidisciplinary, 04(03), 459–467.
Martono, S., & Putri, VW (2018). HRM Practices in Indonesia : the Contributing Power of Embeddedness and Support 9(36), 206–217. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v9i2.16379
Mathis, RL, & Jackson, JH (2012). Human Resource Management. In Human Resource Management.
Misbah, M., & Budiyanto. (2020). Strategic Human Resources Management to Challenges of the Society Era 5.0. International Conference on Business and Social Sciences (ICOBUSS) Surabaya, 724–733.
Mitkova, L. (2014). Implementation of open innovation model: organizational approach. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 3(2), 77–87.
Nasir, SZ, & Mahmood, N. (2018). A Study of Effect of Employee Retention on Organizational Competence. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(4), 408–415. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i4/4022
Noverius Laoli, FS (2021). In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, the BPR business continued to grow positively. CASH. https://keuangan.kontan.co.id/news/di-tengah-pandemi-covid-19-business-bpr-terus-tumbuh-positive
Novianti, KR (2018). CULTURAL DIMENSION ISSUES IN INDONESIA HUMAN RESOURCE. 2(3), 245–256.
Nugroho, YAB (2015). HR Training and Development. Atmajaya Indonesian Catholic University, Jakarta.
Pereira*, AG, Lima, TM, & Charrua-Santos, F. (2020). Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0: Opportunities and Threats. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(5), 3305–3308. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d8764.018520
Predy, M., Sutarto, J., Prihatin, T., & Yulianto, A. (2019). Millennial Generation who are Ready to Face the Era of the Digital Revolution (Society 5.0 and Industrial Revolution 4.0) in the field of education through the development of human resources.
Ramli, RR (2021). In the Midst of the Pandemic, the Performance of BPR and BPRS Remains Excellent. Kompas.Com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/11/30/111006126/di-tengah-pandemi-kinerja-bpr-dan-bprs-tetap-moncer.
Reza, F. (2016). Sales promotion strategy. Journal of Communication Studies, 4/1(1), 1–10.
Riyadi, S. (2021). Competitiveness-Based HR Management. UNITOMO Press, Surabaya.
Rohida, L. (2018). The Influence of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era on Human Resource Competence. Indonesian Journal of Management and Business, 6(1), 114–136. https://doi.org/10.31843/jmbi.v6i1.187
Rusmahadewi, IA, & Darma, GS (2018). Team Engagement and Performance Management (A Study of Banking Industry). Journal of Management And Business, 15(3), 135–153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38043/jmb.v15i3.605
Sayekti, A., & Kartika, L. (2016). Model Design of Human Resource Capacity Building in Rural Banks (BPR). Journal of Management Applications, 14(2), 217–232. https://doi.org/10.18202/jam23026332.14.2.04
Schuler, RS, & Jackson, SE (2005). A Quarter-Century Review of Human Resource Management in the US: The Growth in Importance of the International Perspective. Management Rev. https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2005-1-11
Sharma, S., & Taneja, M. (2018). The effect of training on employee performance. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering.
Sudarmanto. (2015). HR Performance and Competency Development. HR Performance and Competency Development.
Sugiyono. (2017). Qualitative, Quantitative and R&D Research Methods. Alphabeta, Bandung.
Shah, AF (2021). The Role of Human Capital in Governance in the Era of Society 5.0: Theoretical and Empirical Overview. Journal of Education Administration, 28(3), 36. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/JAPSPs/article/view/39980/pdf
Totok Budisantoso & Nuritomo. (2018). Banks and Other Financial Institutions. Salemba Empat, Yogyakarta.
Triweko, RW (2020). Towards a society 5.0: the development of human-centred education and technology. November, 45.
Yasa, A., Suswanta, S., Rafi, M., Rahmanto, F., Setiawan, D., & Iqbal Fadhlurrohman, M. (2021). Strengthening Bureaucratic Reform Towards the Era of Society 5.0 in Indonesia. Master: Journal of Government Science, 20(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.35967/njip.v20i1.139
Yusuf, AM (2018). Research Methods Quantitative, Qualitative and Combined Research. Kencana, Jakarta.
Zen, BP, Fitriana, GF, & Gustalika, MA (2021). The role of competence through computational thinking in building a career in the IT world towards the Era of Society 5.0. Dedication to Science And Technology, 1(2), 94–98. https://doi.org/10.47709/dst.v1i2.1122
Zhang, C., & Stewart, J. (2017). Talent Management and Retention. In The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118972472.ch22
Zhao, L., Zhu, Q., & Zhang, L. (2021). Regulation adaptive strategy and bank efficiency: A network slacks-based measure with shared resources. European Journal of Operational Research, 295(1), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2021.02.050
Published
2024-01-18
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Sunday Ade Sitorus, Anton Atno Parluhutan Sinaga
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
