Terapi Bermain Berpengaruh Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Pre Operatif Anak Usia Prasekolah

Agus Sarwo Prayogi, Fernanda Okti Atikah, Sarka Ade Susana, Induniasih Induniasih

Abstract


Anxiety in children who experience hospitalization can result in delays in the process of treatment and care for sick children, as well as when surgery is about to be carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of play therapy on preoperative anxiety levels in pre-school age children. The research design is one group pretest-posttest. The subjects of this study were 29 preschool-age children, both boys and girls, who underwent surgery in the operating room, who were selected using the consecutive sampling technique. The tools for play therapy are picture books, colored pencils and measuring anxiety using the SCAS-P instrument (Spence Children's Anxiety Scale Preschool). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Before being given play therapy, most of the children experienced moderate levels of anxiety (58.6%); after being given play therapy, most of the children experienced anxiety at a mild level (72.4%), with a value of p = 0.000. It was concluded that play therapy can reduce the anxiety level of preschool children in the preoperative phase.

Keywords: preoperative; preschoolers; worry; play therapy

 

ABSTRAK

 

Kecemasan pada anak yang mengalami hospitalisasi dapat mengakibatkan terhambatnya proses pengobatan dan perawatan terhadap anak yang sakit, begitu halnya saat ketika akan dilakukan proses pembedahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi bermain terhadap tingkat kecemasan pre operatif pasien anak usia pra sekolah. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah one group pretest-posttes. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 29 anak usia prasekolah laki-laki maupun perempuan yang dilakukan operasi di ruang bedah, yang dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Alat untuk terapi bermain adalah buku bergambar, pensil berwarna dan pengukuran kecemasan menggunakan instrument SCAS-P (Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale Preschool). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Sebelum diberikan terapi bermain, sebagian besar anak mengalami kecemasan dalam tingkat sedang (58,6%); setelah diberikan terapi bermain, sebagian besar anak mengalami kecemasan dalam tingkat ringan (72.4%), dengan nilai p = 0,000. Disimpulkan bahwa terapi bermain dapat menurunkan tingkat kecemasan anak usia prasekolah pada fase pre operatif.

Kata kunci:  pre operatif; anak pra sekolah; kecemasan; terapi bermain


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf13416

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