PERKEMBANGAN KONDISI SUMBERDAYA IKAN KARANG DAN EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN SUMATERA BARAT SEBAGAI DAMPAK PEMBENTUKAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI PERAIRAN TWP P. PIEH
Abstract
Pembentukan kawasan konservasi perairan (KKP) berkontribusi dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan untuk menjaga ekosistem, mengelola konflik dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya, serta memfasilitasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya secara efektif. Adanya KKP memberikan kesempatan bagi ekosistem untuk pulih dan berkembang yang berujung dengan memberikan dampak yang positif untuk perbaikan kondisi ekosistem. Untuk mengetahui adanya dampak dari KKP terhadap kondisi sumberdaya ikan perlu dilakukan berbagai upaya pendekatan baik melalui kelimpahan, biomassa, maupun stok. Kemudian untuk mengetahui dampak KKP terhadap perkembangan ekosistem terumbu karang dilakukan pemetaan citra satelit untuk melihat perubahan dari waktu ke waktu serta perkembangan luasan tutupan terumbu karang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan kondisi sumber daya ikan karang dan ekosistem terumbu karang di perairan Sumatera Barat sebagai dampak dari pembentukan KKP di TWP P. Pieh. Data yamg digunakan berupa data statistik perikanan serta data citra Landsat 05 (2009-2011) dan Landsat 08 (2014-2019). Perhitungan analisis profil dan analisis non-ekuilibrium model surplus produksi menggunakan alat bantu berupa SPSSTM, Notepad++TM, perangkat lunak ASPIC7TM, dan Kobe Plot I_II version 5TM. Analisis deteksi perubahan luasan terumbu karang menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak Quantum GIS 3 dan R programming language (versi 4.0.2). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa TWP P. Pieh belum secara maksimal berperan sebagai penyedia stok ikan karang yang dapat menyuplai kebutuhan biomassa ikan karang di perairan Sumatera Barat dan menyeimbangi tekanan penangkapan yang ada. Di sisi lain adanya pengelolaan TWP P. Pieh memberikan peningkatan terhadap kelimpahan dan biomassa ikan karang yang berbanding lurus dengan persentase luasan tutupan karang yang ada di dalam kawasan TWP P. Pieh.
The establishment of marine conservation areas (MPA) contributes to sustainable development to maintain ecosystems, manage conflicts in using resources, and effectively facilitate using resources. The existence of MPAs provides an opportunity for ecosystems to recover and develop, which leads to a positive impact on improving ecosystem conditions. To determine the effects of MPA’s on fish resource conditions, various approaches need to be made, such as abundance, biomass, and stock. After that, satellite imagery mapping was carried out to find out the impact of the MPA on the development of coral reef ecosystems and the percentage of the coral cover area from time to time. This study aims to analyze the result of the condition of reef fish resources and coral reef ecosystems around the waters of West Sumatra due to the formation of the MPA in TWP P. Pieh. The data used are fishery statistics (1996-2019) and Landsat 05 (2009-2011), and Landsat 08 (2014-2019) image data. Calculation of profile analysis and non-equilibrium production surplus model using tools such as SPSS, Notepad++TM, ASPIC7TM software, and Kobe Plot I_II version 5TM. Study the detection of coral reef area changes using Quantum GIS 3 software and R programming language (version 4.0.2). The analysis results show that TWP P. Pieh has not optimally played a role as a provider of reef fish stocks that can supply the needs of reef fish biomass and balance the existing fishing pressure in the West Sumatra waters. However, TWP P. Pieh can be seen in the abundance and biomass of reef fishes ecosystems, which positively correlates with the percentage of coral cover area in TWP P. Pieh.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.13.2.2021.%25p
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