Hubungan Derajat Celah Langit-Langit dengan Keadaan Telinga Tengah Berdasarkan Timpanogram pada Pasien Celah Langit-Langit

Shinta F. Boesoirie, Nur A. Aroeman, Dicki Nursyafri, Vesara A. Gatera

Abstract


Celah langit-langit dan bibir sering terjadi akibat kegagalan penyatuan langit-langit dan bibir selama masa perkembangan janin. Sekitar 90% penderita celah langit-langit akan mengalami gangguan telinga tengah dan menimbulkan gangguan pendengaran. Kelainan telinga tengah pada penderita celah langit-langit pada derajat 2 umumnya terjadi pada obstruksi fungsional pada tuba eustakius sehingga terjadi kegagalan otot palatal untuk membuka tuba eustakius. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan derajat celah langit-langit dengan keadaan telinga tengah pada pasien dengan celah langit-langit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan potong lintang. Subjek penelitian adalah penderita celah langit-langit yang datang berobat ke poliklinik bedah mulut di YPPCBL Bandung dan poliklinik Telinga, Hidung, Tenggorok-Bedah Kepala dan Leher (THT-KL) pada tahun 2018 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung sebanyak 30 subjek. Data penelitian didapatkan dari anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik THT-KL dan pemeriksaan timpanometri untuk mengetahui keadaan telinga tengah subjek penelitian. Data yang terkumpul dilakukan analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linear melalui nilai p≤0,05 untuk melihat derajat hubungannya. Keadaan telinga tengah di kedua sisi memberikan gambaran semakin bertambah derajat celah langit-langit maka timpanogram lebih banyak tipe B diikuti dengan jumlah penderita celah abnormalnya. Dari 30 subjek penelitian, didapatkan sebanyak 20% pada derajat 3 dan 66,7% pada derajat 4 memiliki timpanogram tipe B di telinga kanan, sedangkan pada telinga kiri, didapatkan 6,7% pada derajat 2 memiliki tipmanogram tipe As, 20% pada derajat 3 dan 66,7% pada derajat 4 memiliki timpanogram tipe B. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat celah langit-langit dengan keadaan telinga tengah berdasarkan timpanogram.

Kata kunci: Celah langit-langit, derajat celah langit-langit, keadaan telinga tengah, timpanogram

 

The Correlation Between the Cleft Palate Severity and the Middle Ear Condition Based on the Tympanogram in Cleft Palate Patients

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are congenital anomalies caused by the failure of palate and lip fusion during fetal development which is influenced by numerous factors. Approximately 90% of CLP patients develop middle ear disorders leading to loss of hearing. Middle-ear disorders in cleft palate patients starting from grade 2, are bound to cause functional obstruction in the eustachian tube, due to the palatal muscle’s failure to open the eustachian tube. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the association between the cleft palate severity and the middle ear condition in these patients, using an analytic-observational method with a cross-sectional design. The study subjects were 30 cleft palate patients admitted to the oral surgery polyclinic at YPPCBL Bandung and ORL-HNS Polyclinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records, while ORL-HNS physical examination and tympanometry examination were performed to determine the middle ear condition. Subsequently, a regression analysis was conducted to determine the degree of association. According to the results, an increase in the cleft palate severity increases the prevalence of type-B tympanogram, with an increasing number of CLP patients. Among the study subjects, about 20% of grade 3 and 66.7% of grade 4 had type-B tympanogram in the right ear, while in the left ear, 6.7% of grade 2 had type-As tympanogram, and 20% of grade 3, as well as 66.7% of grade 4, had type-B tympanogram. Therefore, the cleft palate severity is significantly correlated with the middle ear condition, based on the tympanogram.   

Keywords: Cleft palate, cleft palate severity, middle ear condition, tympanogram


Keywords


Celah langit-langit, derajat celah langit-langit, keadaan telinga tengah, timpanogram

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Digital Object Identifier

DOI : https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2021.10.2.110


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