The Effect Of Thin Capitalization And Foreign Ownership Structure On Tax Aggressiveness Moderated By The Independence Of The Commissioner

Alif Rodhiyan, Sutrisno T, Yeney Widya Prihatiningtias

Abstract


The paper aims to examine the effect of thin capitalization and foreign ownership structure on tax aggressiveness and the extent to which the independence of commissioners can moderate the effect of thin capitalization and foreign ownership structure on tax aggressiveness. This study uses a purposive sampling method which produces 810 observations from 240 manufacturing companies listed on the IDX from 2016 to 2020. The study was conducted using multiple regression analysis with a moderating effect (moderated regression analysis). The result of this research is thin capitalization does not have a significant effect on tax aggressiveness. but the structure of foreign ownership affects tax aggressiveness on the measurement of earnings in the form of cash. Independent commissioners significantly moderate the effect of thin capitalization and foreign ownership structure on tax aggressiveness. The influence of independent commissioners on the relationship of foreign ownership structure to tax aggressiveness is negative. indicating that the supervisory role of independent commissioners is weakened when dealing with foreign ownership.


Keywords


thin capitalization. foreign ownership structure. tax aggressiveness and independent commissioner

Full Text:

PDF

References


Annisa, I. N., & Nazar, M. R. (2015). Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan Dengan Variabel Kontrol Profitabilitas, Umur, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Luas Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (Studi Empiris Perusahaan Manufaktur Di BEI Tahun 2011-2013). E-Proceeding of Management, 2(1), 313–322.

Armstrong, C. S., Blouin, J. L., & Larcker, D. F. (2012). The incentives for tax planning. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 53(1–2), 391–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2011.04.001

Armstrong, C. S., Blouin, J. L., Jagolinzer, A. D., & Larcker, D. F. (2015). Corporate governance, incentives, and tax avoidance. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 60(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2015.02.003

Buettner, T., Overesch, M., Schreiber, U., & Wamser, G. (2012). The impact of thin-capitalization rules on the capital structure of multinational firms. Journal of Public Economics, 96(11–12), 930–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.06.008

Buettner, T., & Wamser, G. (2013). Internal debt and multinational profit shifting: Empirical evidence from firm-level panel data. National Tax Journal, 66(1), 63–96. https://doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2013.1.03

Chen, S., Chen, X., Cheng, Q., & Shevlin, T. (2010). Are family firms more tax aggressive than non-family firms? Journal of Financial Economics, 95(1), 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2009.02.003

Claessens, S., & Fan, J. P. H. (2005). Corporate Governance in Asia: A Survey. SSRN Electronic Journal, (August 2019). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.386481

Damayanti, T. W., Trisno, S., Subekti, I., & Baridwan, Z. (2015). The Role of Taxpayer’s Perception of the Government and Society to Improve Tax Compliance. Accounting and Finance Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v4n1p180

Darussalam, Hutagaol, J., & Septiriadi, D. (2007) Konsep dan Aplikasi Perpajakan Internasional (Basic Concept of International Taxation), Danny Darussalam Tax Center, Jakarta.

Desai, M. A., & Dharmapala, D. (2006). Corporate tax avoidance and high-powered incentives. Journal of Financial Economics, 79(1), 145–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.02.002

Dularif, M., Trisno, S., Nurkholis, & Saraswati, E. (2019). Is deterrence approach effective in combating tax evasion? A meta-analysis. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(2), 93–113. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(2).2019.07

Dunbar, A. E., Omer, T. C., & Schultz, T. D. (2012). The Informativeness of FIN 48 ‘Look-Forward’ Disclosures. SSRN Electronic Journal, 06269(860). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1633626

Dyreng, S. D., Hanlon, M., & Maydew, E. L. (2008). Long-run corporate tax avoidance. Accounting Review, 83(1), 61–82. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2008.83.1.61

Dyreng, S. D., Hanlon, M., & Maydew, E. L. (2010). The effects of executives on corporate tax avoidance. Accounting Review, 85(4), 1163–1189. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.4.1163

Frank, M. Margaret, Lynch, L. J., & Rego, S. O. (2009). Tax reporting aggressiveness and its relation financial reporting. Accounting Review, 84(2), 467–496. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2009.84.2.467

Ghozali, Imam. 2018. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25, Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang

Graham, J. R., & Tucker, A. L. (2006). Tax shelters and corporate debt policy. Journal of Financial Economics, 81(3), 563–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.09.002

Gujarati, D. (2004). Basic Econometrics (Ekonometrika Dasar). Alih Bahasa Sumarno Zain. Penerbit Erlangga. Jakarta

Haufler, A., & Runkel, M. (2012). Firms’ financial choices and thin capitalization rules under corporate tax competition. European Economic Review, 56(6), 1087–1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.03.005

Hanlon, M., & Heitzman, S. (2010). A review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2–3), 127–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.002

Jacob, Fatoki & Obafemi F. (2014). An Empirical Study of Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance: A Critical Issue in Nigeria Economic Development. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(18), 22–27.

Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. (2000). Emerging Market Business Groups, Foreign Intermediaries, and Corporate Governance. In National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/books/morc00-1

Lanis, R., & Richardson, G. (2011). The effect of board of director composition on corporate tax aggressiveness. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 30(1), 50–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2010.09.003

La Porta, R., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. (1997). Investor Protection and Corporate Governance. Journal of Finance, 52, 737–783.

Lim, Y. (2011). Tax avoidance, cost of debt and shareholder activism: Evidence from Korea. Journal of Banking and Finance, 35(2), 456–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.08.021

Myer, S. C. (1984). The Capital Structure Puzzle. The Journal of Finance, 39(3), 575–592.

Nachrowi, D. & Usman, Hardius. (2006). Pendekatan Populer dan Praktis Ekonometrika untuk Analisis Ekonomi dan Keuangan. Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2012). Thin Capitalisation Legislation: A Background Paper for Country Tax Administrations. https://www.oecd.org/ctp/taxglobal/5.%20thin_capitalization_background.pdf

Otusanya, O. J. (2011). The role of multinational companies in tax evasion and tax avoidance: The case of Nigeria. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 22(3), 316–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2010.10.005

Pratama, A. (2017). Does Corporate Governance Reduce Thin Capitalization Practice? The Case of Indonesian Manufacturing Firms. Review of Integrative Business and Economics ResearchOnlineCDROM, 6(4), 2304–1013.

Rahayu, N. (2010). Evaluasi Regulasi Atas Praktik Penghindaran Pajak Penanaman Modal Asing. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 7(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.21002/jaki.2010.04

Rahmayanti, N. P., Trisno, S., & Prihatiningtias, Y. W. (2020). Effect of tax penalties, tax audit, and tax-payers awareness on corporate taxpayers’ compliance moderated by compliance intentions, International Journal of Research in Bussiness and Social Science, 9(2), 18-124, https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i2.633

Rego, S. O. 2003. Tax‐Avoidance Activities of US Multinational Corporations. Contemporary Accounting Research. 20, 4, 805-833.

Richardson, G., & Lanis, R. (2007). Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates andtax reform: Evidence from Australia. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 26(6), 689-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2007.10.003

Richardson, G., & Taylor, G. (2012). International Corporate Tax Avoidance Practices: Evidence from Australian Firms. The International Journal of Accounting, 47, 469–496

Richardson, G., & Taylor, G. (2013). The Determinants of Thinly Capitalized Tax Avoidance Structures: Evidence from Australian Firms. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 22, 12– 25

Richardson, G., Taylor, G., & Lanis, R. (2013). The impact of Board of Director Oversight Characteristics on Corporate Tax Aggressiveness: An empirical analysis. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 32, 68–88

Richardson, G., Taylor, G., & Lanis, R. (2015). The impact of financial distress on corporate tax avoidance spanning the global financial crisis: Evidence from Australia. Economic Modelling, 44, 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.09.015

Rusyidi, M. K., & Martani, D. (2014). Pengaruh struktur kepemilikan terhadap aggressive tax avoidance. Paper dipresentasikan pada acara Simposium Nasional Akuntansi 17.

Salihu, I.A., Obid, S.N.S., & Annuar, H.A. (2014). Measures of corporate tax avoidance: empirical evidence from an emerging economy. Int. J. Bus. Soc. 14(3), 412–427.

Salihu, I. A., Obid, S. N. S., & Annuar, H. A. (2014). Government ownership and corporate tax avoidance: empirical evidence from Malaysia. Paper presented at the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Scientific Research, Pearl International Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. Conference or Workshop Item (Full Paper) retrieved from http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/36089.

Salihu, I. A., Annuar, H. A., & Obid, S. N. S., (2015). Foreign Investors’ Interests and Corporate Tax Avoidance: Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economic., 1, 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2015.03.001

Sekaran, U & Bougie, R. (2017). Metode Penelitian untuk Bisnis Pendekatan Pengembangan-Keahlian, Salemba Empat, Jakarta.

Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1986). Large Shareholders and Corporate Control. Journal of political economy, 94(3, Part 1), 461-488. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1833044

Taylor, G., & Richardson, G. (2013). The determinants of thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 22(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2013.02.005

Wahab, N. S. A., & Holland, K. (2012). Tax planning, corporate governance and equity value. The British Accounting Review, 44(2), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2012.03.005

Wilde, J. H., & Wilson, R. J. (2018). Perspectives on corporate tax planning: Observations from the past decade. The Journal of the American Taxation Association, 40(2), 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/atax-51993

Wu, W., Rui, O. M., & Wu, C. (2013). Institutional environment, ownership and firm taxation. Economics of Transition, 21(1), 17-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12001

Watts, Ross L, & J. L. Zimmerman. (1978). Towards a Positive Theory of The Determination of Accounting Standards. Accounting Review. 112-134.

Watts, Ross L, & J. L Zimmerman. (1990). Positive Accounting Theory: A Ten Years Perspective. Accounting Review. 131-156.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v26i3.7712

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan (Journal of Finance and Banking)

Diploma Program of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Merdeka Malang

Published by University of Merdeka Malang

Mailing Address:
2nd floor Finance and Banking Building, Jl. Terusan Raya Dieng No. 57 Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Phone: +62 813-3180-1534
Email: jkp@unmer.ac.id

This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0