Potensi Tanaman Herbal Antidiabetes untuk Minuman Obat: Sebuah Literatur Review

Yulin Prisdiany; Irma M. Puspitasari; Norisca A. Putriana; Mas Rizky A. A. Syamsunarno

doi:10.15416/ijcp.2021.10.2.144

Potensi Tanaman Herbal Antidiabetes untuk Minuman Obat: Sebuah Literatur Review

Yulin Prisdiany, Irma M. Puspitasari, Norisca A. Putriana, Mas Rizky A. A. Syamsunarno

Abstract

Jumlah kasus dan prevalensi diabetes terus meningkat selama beberapa dekade terakhir. Pada tahun 2012, diabetes menyebabkan 1,5 juta kematian. Seiring berkembangnya pengetahuan, saat ini tanaman herbal lebih banyak digunakan sebagai bahan obat. Salah satu sediaan yang saat ini sedang banyak dikembangkan adalah sediaan minuman herbal. Minuman herbal kaya akan senyawa bioaktif alami. Bukti ilmiah menunjukkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif ini memberikan banyak efek biologis, seperti antioksidan, antibakteri, antidiabetes, dan lain-lain. Salah satu permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan tanaman herbal adalah kurangnya penelitian atau pengujian secara ilmiah yang menunjukkan khasiat dari tanaman obat yang digunakan. Artikel ini memberikan gambaran secara ilmiah tentang tanaman herbal yang sudah terbukti memiliki khasiat antidiabetes yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan minuman obat herbal. Pencarian literatur melalui basis data elektronik PubMed pada bulan April 2020 dengan kata kunci “herbal tea” dan “antidiabetic” memperoleh total 30 artikel yang dapat ditelaah lebih lanjut. Sebanyak 12 artikel tentang uji in vitro, 16 artikel tentang uji in vivo, dan 2 artikel tentang uji klinik. Terdapat 35 jenis tanaman herbal di seluruh dunia yang terbukti dapat memberikan aktivitas antidiabetes. Bagian morfologi tanaman yang paling sering digunakan yaitu bagian daun. Mekanisme in vitro dari tanaman herbal dalam memberikan aktivitas antidiabetes adalah dengan menghambat aktivitas enzim α-Amylase dan α-Glucosidase. Pada uji in vivo dan uji klinik, semua tanaman herbal yang digunakan pada penelitian mempunyai aktivitas dalam membantu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai minuman obat herbal.

Kata kunci: Antidiabetes, minuman herbal, tanaman herbal

The Potential of Antidiabetic Herbal Plants for Medicinal Drinks: A Literature Review

Abstract

Over the past few decades, an increase has occurred in the occurrence and prevalence of diabetes, with 1.5 million deaths recorded in 2012 alone. Currently, more herbal plants are being used as medicines including medicinal drinks, and these are rich in natural bioactive compounds. According to scientific evidence, these bioactive compounds provide many biological effects, for instance, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities. However, one problem related to the use of herbal medicine is the inadequate research or scientific evidence of the plants’ efficacy. This article, therefore, provides a scientific description of medicinal plants proven to exhibit antidiabetic properties and suitable for developing medicinal drinks. A literature search conducted across the PubMed electronic database in April 2020, using the keywords “herbal tea” and “antidiabetic” obtained a total of 30 articles, and of these publications, 12 were in vitro studies, 16 were pre-clinical studies, while 2 clinical trials. Across the world, 35 types of herbal plants have been proven to exhibit antidiabetic activity, with the leaves being the most commonly used part. The in vitro mechanism of herbal plants in exhibiting this antidiabetic activity is through inhibition of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase enzyme activity. In addition, pre-clinical and clinical trials showed each plant in this study was able to reduce blood glucose levels and were suitable for developing medicinal drinks.

Keywords: Antidiabetic, herbal plants, medicinal drinks

Keywords

Antidiabetes, minuman herbal, tanaman herbal

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