20 articles in this issue
Muhammad Sulaiman, Muhammad Sulaman, Abdelwahed Hamdi, Zubair Hussain Hussain
In modern and large scale power distribution topologies, directional relays play an important role in the operation of an electrical system. These relays must be coordinated optimally so that their overall operating time is reduced to a minimum. They are ... see more
Gul Rukh, Amjadullah Khattak
Over the last two decades, Pakistan’s energy demand has grown exponentially with very diminutive measures taken by the government to fulfill the needs. The large power plant projects are cumbersome, take years to be completed and require plenty of time to... see more
Faheem Ali, Muhammad Naeem Arbab, Gulzar Ahmad, Majid Ashraf, Muhammad Sarim
Pakistan is faced with energy crises from the last two decades. Generation cannot balance the load demands of the electricity consumers. Power delivery systems are generally old-fashioned and overloaded. They are unable to provide consistent and uninterru... see more
Umair Khalil, Muhammad Yousaf Ali Khan, Umer Amir Khan, Shahid Atiq
The demand of energy usage is increasing rapidly and to meet the energy requirements, best possible transmission systems should be adopted to avoid energy losses in our transmission systems. In Pakistan’s WAPDA (Water & Power Development Authority) system... see more
Muhammad Mateen Afzal Awan, Tahir Mahmood
Modern-day world is facing problems such as, electricity generation deficiency, mounting energy demand, GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions, reliability and soaring prices. To resolve these issues, sustainable and renewable energy resources like SPV (Solar Pho... see more
Ali Akber Siddique, Muhammad Tahir Qadri, Zia Mohy-Ud-Din
Saeed Ullah Jan, Fawad Qayum, Ajab Khan
The SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is an application and presentation layer signaling protocol used for initiating, continuing and terminating multimedia session for the end user. It gains much attention of the researchers because it is exposed to seve... see more
Areej Fatemah Meghji, Naeem Ahmed Mahoto, Mukhtiar Ali Unar, Muhmmad Akram Shaikh
Higher Educational Institutes hold a central and vital role in the knowledge economy. Knowledge generated by these institutes needs to be collected and disseminated to bring about improvement in not only student learning and performance, but also in educa... see more
Faria Kanwal, Mariam Rehman, Malik Muhammad Asif
With the rapid growth of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), the traditional educational system has been restructured into e-learning systems. E-learning adoption and acceptance is in rudimentary stages of development in Pakistan. Therefore,... see more
Nosheen Qamar, Ali Afzal Malik
Many different factors influence the quality of software. Among the most important of these factors is software complexity. One way to improve software quality, therefore, is to minimize its complexity making it more understandable and maintainable. The d... see more
Salman Ahmad, Kashif Iqbal
Faster-than-at-speed testing provides an effective way of detecting small delay defects but at the cost of increased number of unknown logic values on longer paths of the circuit under test. For efficient testing, these unknown logic values need to be fil... see more
Farhad Ali, Muhammad Asif Jan, Wali Khan Mashwani, Rashida Adeeb Khanum, Hidayat Ullah Khan
The Minkowsiki spacetime is flat and there is no source of gravitation. The time conformal factor is adding some cuvature to this spacetime which introduces some source of gravitation to the spacetime. For the Minkowski spacetime the Einstein Field equati... see more
Ghulamullah Maitlo, Rasool Bux Mahar, Khan Mohammad Brohi
Gasification of coal and biomass using CO2 and air mixture as a carrier gas offers an encouraging way to eliminate the shortage of energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In the present study, the EulerianLagrangian approach was applied to understand ... see more
Rahmatullah Shah, Muhammad Abid, Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
A field study was conducted to signify the use of sugarcane industrial and dairy farm wastes through composting and vermi-composting and application to tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L) crop to evaluate any effects on growth, yield and fruit quality. Com... see more
Shahid Amjad, Nuzhat Khan, Saira Ishaq
Biodiversity survey between Cape Monze and Churna Island was carried out for the assessment of coral assemblages in the area. During the present study, diving surveys were conducted to document the living corals that included deep sea coral, Coelenterates... see more
Heman Das Lohano, Fateh Muhammad Marri
Water resources in Sindh province of Pakistan are under significant pressure due to increasing and conflicting water demand from municipalities for domestic users, agriculture and industries, and requirements of environmental flows. Population growth and ... see more
Muhammad Khan Memon, Ubedullah Ansari, Habib U Zaman Memon
The residual oil after primary or secondary oil recovery can be recovered by the methods of EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery). The objective of this study is screening the surfactants that generate maximum stable foam in the presence of brine salinity at 92oC. ... see more
Junaid Rashid, Muhammad Wasif Nisar, Toqeer Mahmood, Amjad Rehman, Syed Yasser Arafat
SDCE (Software Development Cost Estimation) has always been an interesting and budding field in Software Engineering. This study supports the SDCE by exploring its techniques and models and collecting them in one place. This contribution in the literature... see more
Abdul Majeed Shar, Waheed Ali Abro, Aftab Ahmed Mahesar, Kun Sang Lee
The production from shale gas reservoirs has significantly increased due to technological advancements. The shale gas reservoirs are very heterogeneous and the heterogeneity has a significant effect on the quality and productivity of reservoirs. Hence, it... see more
Shanker Lal Meghwar, Ghous Bux Khaskheli, Aneel Kumar
The construction industry is the largest manufacturing industry, which produces concrete and other related materials for construction of infrastructure around the world, after the food production industry. This industry requires a lot of natural resources... see more