ARTICLE
TITLE

Profilaktyka cukrzycy typu 2 w grupie osób starszych = Type 2 diabetes prevention among elderly people

SUMMARY

Mirczak Anna. Profilaktyka cukrzycy typu 2 w grupie osób starszych = Type 2 diabetes prevention among elderly people. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(12):109-122. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.192458http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4040    The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 02.11.2016. Revised 22.11.2016. Accepted: 03.12.2016.   Profilaktyka cukrzycy typu 2 w grupie osób starszychType 2 diabetes prevention among elderly people Mirczak AnnaMirczak Anna Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, Instytut Pracy Socjalnej, os. Stalowe 17, 31-922 KrakówPedagogical University of Cracow, Institute of Social Work, os. Stalowe 17, 31-922 Kraków  Dr n.med. Mirczak AnnaMirczak Anna, PhD   Slowa kluczowe: cukrzyca typu 2, profilaktyka, osoby starszeKey words: diabetes type 2, prevention, elderlyStreszczenieCukrzyca typu 2 jest powazna choroba przewlekla wystepujaca powszechnie w grupie osób starszych. Pózna diagnoza oraz niewlasciwe leczenie prowadzi do powaznych  powiklan takich jak choroby ukladu krazenia, neuropatia, zespól stopy cukrzycowej i amputacji, niewydolnosc nerek oraz slepota, których leczenie jest bardzo kosztowne. Cukrzyca typu 2 jest uwarunkowana czynnikami genetycznymi oraz srodowiskowymi (niewlasciwy styl zycia). Coraz powszechniejsze wstepowanie cukrzycy w spoleczenstwie wynika jednak glównie z nadwagi, otylosci brzusznej oraz niskiej aktywnosci fizycznej. Badania pokazuja, ze poprzez modyfikacje stylu zycia (dieta, aktywnosc fizyczna) mozna opózniac i zapobiegac wystepowaniu cukrzycy w grypach ryzyka. W tym procesie niezwykle wazne sa trzypoziomowe dzialania profilaktyczne. Profilaktyka pierwszej fazy oznacza zapobieganie cukrzycy poprzez zmiane stylu zycia u osób zdrowych, profilaktyka drugiej fazy to zapobieganie wystepowaniu powiklaniom cukrzycy u osób z grupy ryzyka, natomiast profilaktyka trzeciorzedowa skierowana jest do osób chorych i polega na wczesnym wykrywaniu i odpowiednim leczeniu powiklan cukrzycy. Jednakze, pomimo iz cukrzyca jest choroba czesto wystepujaca wsród seniorów, wciaz brakuje badan klinicznych dotyczacych specyfiki leczenia w tej grupie wiekowe, jak równiez doniesien na temat dzialan prewencyjnych. Celem pracy bylo przedstawienie zasad profilaktyki cukrzycy w grupie osób starszych na podstawie analizy dostepnej literatury. Dotychczasowe badania wskazuja, ze skuteczna metoda profilaktyki cukrzycy wsród seniorów jest optymalizacja poziomu glukozy we krwi poprzez zdrowa diete, aktywnosc fizyczna, kontrole wartosci trójglicerydów i cisnienia tetniczego krwi, zmniejszenie masy ciala i unikanie uzywek. Abstract Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases among the elderly and is also a very serious health problem. If it is not diagnosed and treated properly it can lead to serious and costly complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot syndrome with amputations, renal failure and blindness. Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. The most significant factors are overweight, abdominal obesity and physical inactivity. Research has shown that type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed in people at risk for the disease especially by lifestyle modification (healthy diet and exercises). All stages of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary) are an important part of this process. Primary prevention is the delay or prevention of diabetes by lifestyle changes whilst secondary prevention is the prevention of diabetic complications through the optimization of glycemic control, and the avoidance and treatment of coexisting risk factors with tertiary prevention is the early detection and treatment of diabetic complication. However, despite the fact that diabetes type 2 is a disease most often occurs in older people still missing clinical trials for individual treatment in this age group, as well as the prevention strategies. The aim of the article was to present the principles of diabetes prevention in the elderly based on the analysis of the available literature. Existing evidence shown that the effective diabetes type 2 prevention  among elderly is optimization level of glycemic by healthy diet, physical activity, triglycerides and blood pressure control, reduce weight and avoid alcohol and smoking.

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