SUMMARY
The quest for food security by the sudnosahelian countries (hard hit by the rainfall deficits observed since 1970) led the Senegalese government to initiate policies for the arrangement and management of water resources at the watershed level. Thus, Society of agricultural and industrial development was created in 1974 and was responsible for the development of Anambe basin, a tributary of Kayanga in Casamance (southern Senegal), of which the central part is a large floodplain basin of the order of 16 000 hectares. This study is based on the use of survey results (questionnaires and guides administered at the level of 12 villages), coupled whith analysis of basin hydroclimatic data. The results of the Monthy Flow Coefficients (CMD) showed that the water resources of the basin are of rainfall input and consequently the flows of the various streams of the basin vary with the rate of wintering. Maximum and minimum monthly flows are 28.32 m3/s (October) and 2.32 m3/s (April and May) in 1993, respectively. This hydroclimatic variability led to food insecurity affecting 74% of producers during the off-season.