SUMMARY
This study aims to shed light on the reality of SMEs and their contribution to economic development during the period 2001-2017, where the theoretical aspect of some concepts of SMEs and their definition in Algeria in addition to some concepts of economic development and indicators, while the application side has been addressed In addition to measuring the impact of the SME census on economic development. The study concluded that the number of SMEs in Algeria during the study period is increasing significantly and continuously from year to year, which reflects the state's interest in the development and promotion of this sector, but this significant increase in the number of SMEs did not have the expected impact by the authorities. The contribution of this sector to economic development was acceptable but insufficient, given the possibilities or the amounts spent to upgrade this sector. Therefore, the state should simplify administrative procedures and ensure the effective accompaniment of the bodies supporting SMEs. Direct support to productive sectors such as industry and agriculture.