ARTICLE
TITLE

A actio popularis e (n)o Direito (Penal) Internacional / Actio popularis and Internacional Criminal Law

SUMMARY

DOI: 10.12957/rdc.2018.30188 Este trabalho objetivou enfrentar o problema relacionado à vigência, validade e eficácia do instituto da actio popularis no Direito (Penal) Internacional, tendo como ponto de intersecção, de um lado, as decisões proferidas pela Corte Internacional de Justiça nos casos Etiópia e Libéria v. África do Sul nos anos de 1962 e 1966, bem como as críticas efetuadas à virada radical que a Corte promoveu entre os julgamentos das Questões Preliminares e a segunda fase, tendo como substrato teórico a crítica feita por Egon Schwelb. Para tanto, logo após estabelecer as bases da discussão no tema relativo à transição do sistema westfaliano para o da Carta, discorreu-se sobre a origem do instituto no direito romano, tendo como principal apoio a obra de Theodor Mommsen. Ato seguido passou-se à apresentação e discussão das decisões da Corte Internacional de Justiça no caso indicado, para apontar-se, em linhas posteriores, as críticas que referida decisão sofreu. No último tópico se discutiu a correlação entre o instituto da actio popularis com a máxima aut dedere aut judicare, em especial no regime indireto de implementação do Direito Penal Internacional. Conclui-se o trabalho com ligeiras considerações a confirmar a vigência, validade e condições de eficácia e legitimidade da justiça cosmopolita, cuja fundamentação encontra-se na actio popularis. O método de abordagem adotado no presente trabalho foi o crítico, e o de procedimento a consulta bibliográfica. Palavras-chave: Actio Popularis; Aut Dede Aut Judicare; Direito Internacional; Sistemas Internacionais; Direito Penal Internacional; Implementação Indireta Abstract This paper aims to address the problem related to the validity and efficacy of the actio popularis in International (Criminal) Law, having as a point of intersection, on the one hand, the decisions handed down by the International Court of Justice in the cases of Ethiopia and Liberia v. South Africa in the years 1962 and 1966, as well as the criticisms made of the radical turn that the Court promoted between the judgments of the Preliminary Questions and the second phase, having as a theoretical substrate the criticism made by Egon Schwelb. To this end, after establishing the basis of the discussion on the theme related to the transition from the Westphalian system to that of the Charter, the origin of the institute in Roman law was discussed, having as main support the work of Theodor Mommsen. Subsequently, the decisions of the International Court of Justice presented and discussed, in order to point out, in later lines, the criticisms that the decision had suffered. In the last topic, we discussed the correlation between the institute of actio popularis and the maximum aut dedere aut judicare, especially in the indirect system of implementation of International Criminal Law. The work concluded with slight considerations confirming the validity and conditions of efficacy and legitimacy of cosmopolitan justice, whose foundation in actio popularis. The method of approach adopted in the present study was the critic, and the procedure was bibliographic. Keywords: Actio popularis; Aut Dedere Aut Judicare; Contemporary International Law; International Criminal Law; Indirect Enforcement

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