Home  /  Slavia Meridionalis  /  Núm: Vol20 Par: 0 (2020)  /  Article
ARTICLE
TITLE

Religion-Based Cultural Communities in the Pre-Modern Balkans

SUMMARY

Religion-Based Cultural Communities in the Pre-Modern BalkansIntellectual life in the pre-modern Balkans was fragmented along religious lines. In the multi-ethnic religious communities (the Orthodox Christian, the Muslim and the Catholic), one particular “high code” language was used by the intellectual elites of the various ethnic groups as a shared means of communication in the field of worship, scholarship and literature. In addition, on behalf of the unschooled, who were ignorant of the high code, there existed within each community vernacular literature that was intended to instruct common people about the doctrine of their faith and keep them on the straight path. The use of a shared literary language strengthened the solidarity with each community but also increased the cultural divisiveness of the Balkans as a whole. The lack or scarcity of a high literature in a particular language is no indication of the “culturelessness” of its speakers. In fact, with their coreligionists they shared a rich high culture in one of the literary languages. Wspólnoty kulturowe oparte na religii na Balkanach w czasach przednowoczesnychZycie intelektualne na Balkanach w czasach przednowoczesnych uleglo rozdrobnieniu ze wzgledu na podzialy religijne. W wieloetnicznych wspólnotach wyznaniowych – prawoslawnej, muzulmanskiej i katolickiej – jeden szczególny „wysoki” jezyk byl uzywany przez elity intelektualne róznych grup etnicznych jako wspólny srodek komunikacji w dziedzinie kultu, edukacji i literatury. Obok niego, dla warstw niewyksztalconych, nieswiadomych takiego kodu, w kazdej spolecznosci istniala literatura w jezykach narodowych, majaca na celu pouczyc zwyklych ludzi o doktrynie ich wiary i wlasciwej drodze postepowania. Poslugiwanie sie wspólnym jezykiem literackim nie tylko wzmocnilo solidarnosc miedzywspólnotowa, ale takze zwiekszylo kulturowa róznorodnosc Balkanów jako calosci. Brak lub niedobór wysokiej literatury w danym jezyku nie swiadczy o „braku kultury” u jej uzytkowników. W rzeczywistosci dzielili oni bowiem bogata kulture wysoka ze swoimi wspólwyznawcami za posrednictwem innego jezyka literackiego.

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