ARTICLE
TITLE

The methods of teaching the spiritual songs in the traditional culture of the tatars of the Volgo-Ural region

SUMMARY

This article focuses on the sacred songs of the Tatars, in particular the genres of book intonement. As the field studies have shown, in some regions these genres still persist, in others they are faced with extinction, in the third ones there is a tendency of their revival. Researches on the problems of ethnogenesis of the population of the Volga-Ural region make it possible to distinguish local ethnic groups of both Finno-Ugric and Turkic origin. Here, along with the genres of ritual and non-ritual song folklore, which are most common among the Finno-Ugric peoples, the modern existence of the tradition of book intonement represented by such genres as baits and munajats characteristic of the Tatars of the Muslim religion is noted. The earliest layers of spiritual culture are reflected in the ritual system, and the functioning of non-ritual folklore genres discovered during the expeditions has shades of a later process of their formation among the Tatars of the Volga-Ural region. In this case it is the Muslim religion that has become a factor in the general ethnic self-awareness, and, consequently, in the emergence of a common cultural field in the region. To a greater extent, the spiritual genres of book singing that have survived among the Tatars are also of a religious nature. The spread of Islam influenced the development of the ideology and culture of the Tatar population, leaving a certain mark on the development of musical and poetic traditions of the region on the whole. This is evidenced by the preservation of a number of genres of sacred songs among the Tatars, among which are baits, munajats, the tradition of book singing, which, along with ritual and family song genres, undoubtedly represent a distinctive layer of Tatar musical culture, which definitely arouses scientific interest.Keywords: Teaching culture, song culture, tradition, musical folklore, genres of book intoning, bait, munajat. RESUMENEste artículo se centra en las canciones sagradas de los tártaros, en particular los géneros de entonación de libros. Como lo han demostrado los estudios de campo, en algunas regiones aún persisten estos géneros, en otras se enfrentan a la extinción, en las terceras hay una tendencia a su resurgimiento. Las investigaciones sobre los problemas de etnogénesis de la población de la región del Volga-Ural permiten distinguir los grupos étnicos locales de origen tanto finno-ugrio como turco. Aquí, junto con los géneros del folclore de canciones rituales y no rituales, que son más comunes entre los pueblos finno-ugros, la existencia moderna de la tradición de entonación de libros representada por géneros como cebos y munajats característicos de los tártaros de los musulmanes. se nota la religión. Las primeras capas de la cultura espiritual se reflejan en el sistema ritual, y el funcionamiento de los géneros folclóricos no rituales descubiertos durante las expediciones tiene matices de un proceso posterior de su formación entre los tártaros de la región del Volga-Ural. En este caso es la religión musulmana la que se ha convertido en un factor en la autoconciencia étnica general y, en consecuencia, en el surgimiento de un campo cultural común en la región. En mayor medida, los géneros espirituales del canto de libros que han sobrevivido entre los tártaros también son de naturaleza religiosa. La difusión del Islam influyó en el desarrollo de la ideología y la cultura de la población tártara, dejando una cierta huella en el desarrollo de las tradiciones musicales y poéticas de la región en general. Esto se evidencia en la preservación de varios géneros de canciones sagradas entre los tártaros, entre los que se encuentran los cebos, los munajats, la tradición del canto de libros, que, junto con los géneros de canciones rituales y familiares, sin duda representan una capa distintiva de la cultura musical tártara , que sin duda despierta el interés científico.Palabras clave: Enseñanza de cultura, cultura de la canción, tradición, folklore musical, géneros de entonación de libros, cebo, munajat.

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